To address the issue of existing dibble seeders requiring high field flatness in practical operations in northwest arid regions, this study optimized the seed-metering device of the commonly used 2BZ-2 seeder. Taking the rotation angle of the crank in the seeder's parallelogram linkage mechanism as reference, the working process of the seed-metering device was divided into four stages: seed filling, seed picking, hole-making and seeding, and resetting. A microcontroller-based electronic control system was designed to achieve precise control of each working stage, enabling forced seed discharge and mandatory duckbill opening/closing mechanisms, thereby improving seeding stability and adaptability. Through quadratic rotational orthogonal combination bench tests, analysis was conducted with three factors including seed-picking shaft rotation angle, electric actuator stroke, and thrust force, using single-seed qualification rate, missed sowing rate, and repetitive sowing rate as response indicators. Optimization results showed that the optimal seeding performance occurred at 59° seed-picking shaft rotation angle, 12.2 mm electric actuator stroke, and 19.4 N thrust force. Experimental verification under these optimized parameters demonstrated that the electronically controlled maize seed-metering device achieved 1.6% empty-hole rate and 91.8% qualified hole-seed quantity rate, which meets the operational quality requirements for dibble seeding machinery.
3因素对性能指标的影响主次顺序为:电推杆推力(X3)、电推杆推程(X2)和取种轴转角(X1)。交互因素X2X3对3项性能指标的显著性水平P<0.05(表3),影响显著。当X3为20 N 时,X2一定,合格率(Y1)随X1的增大先增大后减小;X1一定,Y1随X2的增加先增大后减小(图11(a));当X1为60°时,X3一定,漏播率(Y2)随X2的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势,当电推杆推程X2一定,Y2随X3的增大呈现先减小后增大的趋势(图11(b));当X2为12 mm时,X1一定,重播率(Y3)随X3的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势,X3一定,重播率Y3随X1的增大呈现先减小后增大的趋势(图11(c))。
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