转基因玉米和大豆产业化现状与展望
Current status and future prospects of industrialization of genetically modified corn and soybean
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为全面了解转基因玉米和大豆国内、国际的产业化历程及现状,以“转基因作物”、“生物育种产业化”和“转基因生物安全”等关键词在农业农村部、中国知网和国际农业生物技术应用服务组织(ISAAA)网站检索2006—2024年国内外关于转基因玉米和大豆种植、监管及产业化相关文献,并查询中华人民共和国海关总署和Agbiolnvestor GM Monitor网站相关数据,综合分析转基因玉米和大豆转化体性状、种植面积、产量、经济效益和政策监管等方面的现状,并对我国转基因玉米和大豆产业化前景进行展望。结果表明:全球抗虫、耐除草剂玉米和大豆转化体分别占已获得安全证书的玉米、大豆转化体总和的75.5%、86.2%,在农业生产中已被广泛应用。1996—2024年,全球转基因玉米和大豆种植面积及产量增长迅速,转基因玉米种植面积增加6 804万hm2,单产提升了0.73 t/hm2;转基因大豆种植面积增加1.05亿hm2,单位面积产量增加0.67 t/hm2。美国、巴西和阿根廷3个国家的转基因玉米和大豆种植应用率均在90%以上;近5年,3个国家的转基因玉米和大豆平均出口额分别为432.69亿、512.67亿和103.92亿美元。我国已审批通过42个转基因玉米和大豆的安全证书,抗虫耐除草剂玉米和大豆在产业化试点中增产降本效果显著,应在合理的监管制度下大面积推广。综上,扩面提速推进我国转基因玉米和大豆产业化有利于耕地资源的开发利用和产业的蓬勃发展,建议加强科企合作并不断完善监督管理体系,促进转基因玉米和大豆科技成果转化。
In order to have a comprehensive understanding of the domestic and international industrialization process and current situation of genetically modified (GM) corn and soybean, this study conducted a literature search using keywords such as “genetically modified crops”, “biotechnology industrialization”, and “genetically modified biosafety” in the databases of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) for relevant domestic and foreign literature on the cultivation, supervision, and industrialization of GM corn and soybeans from 2006 to 2024. This study also queried the relevant data from the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China and the Agbiolnvestor GM Monitor website. The current situation of GM corn and soybean traits, planting area, yield, economic benefits, and policy supervision were analyzed, and the industrialization of GM corn and soybeans in China was prospected. The following conclusions are drawn: The global insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant GM corn and soybeans accounted for 75.5% and 86.2% of the total number of GM corn and soybean transformation bodies that have obtained safety certificates, respectively, and have been widely used in agricultural production. From 1996 to 2024, the global planting area and yield of GM corn and soybeans have increased rapidly. The planting area of GM corn increased by 68.04 million hm2, and the yield per unit area increased by 0.73 t/hm2; the planting area of GM soybeans increased by 105 million hm2, and the yield per unit area increased by 0.67 t/hm2. The application rates of genetically modified corn and soybeans in the United States, Brazil and Argentina are all over 90%. In the past five years, their average export values of genetically modified corn and soybeans have been 43.269 billion, 51.267 billion and 10.392 billion US dollars,respectively. China has approved 42 safety certificates and varieties for GM corn and soybeans. In the industrialization pilot projects, insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant GM corn and soybeans have shown significant effects in increasing yield and reducing costs. They should be widely promoted under a reasonable regulatory system. In conclusion, accelerating the industrialization of GM corn and soybeans in China is conducive to the development and utilization of arable land resources and the vigorous development of the industry. It is recommended to strengthen cooperation between scientific institution and enterprises and continuously improve the supervision and management system for the promotion of the transformation of GM corn and soybean technology.
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甘肃省联合科研基金重大项目(24JRRA835)
农业生物育种国家科技重大专项(2023ZD04028)
农业生物育种国家科技重大专项(2023ZD04071)
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