深度学习驱动的土壤信息感知技术:进展、挑战与展望
Deep learning‑driven soil information sensing: Advances, challenges, and prospects
农田土壤信息的快速感知是智慧农业的重要支撑,为厘清土壤信息感知技术发展中存在的问题,对深度学习驱动下土壤信息感知的研究现状进行系统梳理与分析。重点聚焦不同感知尺度和感知方法下,各类深度学习模型在破解传统土壤信息反演难题中的创新实践,深入分析各类方法与思路的优势与局限性。结果表明:1)对于近端感知系统,深度学习通过构建各类深度神经网络模型,有效解决了传统电性能传感器校准中环境因素耦合困难、适应性差的问题,提升了土壤水分、盐分及养分原位检测的精度与鲁棒性;同时,深度学习方法在解决可见-近红外光谱预测有机质、全氮含量时面临的水分干扰、跨时空泛化性差等关键问题上展现出显著优势。2)各类深度学习模型与方法广泛应用于处理星载和机载遥感数据,构建了更精准的土壤有机碳、水分、盐分等参数的大范围反演模型,显著提升了遥感数据的重建、校正与降尺度能力。3)深度学习驱动的多模态、多尺度与多时相信息融合模型方法得到广泛应用;各类轻量级网络、混合模型以及注意力机制的应用,实现了各类异构数据的有效交互与融合,显著增强了土壤有机质、水分、全氮等多参数同步预测的精度和实时性。4)从各项研究趋势中发现,发展适应复杂农田环境、具备强泛化能力的反演模型,以及构建基于群智感知与协同感知的近端-机载-星载多尺度土壤信息感知网络是重要趋势;同时,结合土壤连续体模型理论,未来需深入探索土壤微生物菌群动态与有机质周转过程的原位监测方法与定量关联模型,以实现从单一理化参数监测向土壤生态系统健康评估的跨越。
The rapid sensing of farmland soil information is as a improtant support for smart agriculture. To clarify the existing issues in the development of soil information sensing technologies, a systematic review and analysis are conducted on the current research status of soil information sensing driven by deep learning. This study focuses is placed on the innovative practices of various deep learning models in addressing traditional challenges associated with soil information inversion under different sensing scales and methods, along with an in-depth examination of the strengths and limitations of these methods and approaches. The findings indicate: 1) For proximal sensing systems, deep learning has effectively addressed the coupling complexity of environmental factors and poor adaptability in traditional electrical sensor calibration by constructing various deep neural network models, thereby enhancing the accuracy and robustness of in-situ detection for soil moisture, salinity, and nutrients. Meanwhile, deep learning methods demonstrate significant advantages in overcoming key challenges such as moisture interference and poor cross-temporal/spatial generalization in Vis-NIR spectroscopy-based prediction of soil organic matter/total nitrogen content. 2) A wide range of deep learning models and methods have been applied to process spaceborne and airborne remote sensing data, enabling the development of more accurate large-scale inversion models for soil organic carbon, moisture, salinity, and other parameters. These approaches have substantially improved the reconstruction, calibration, and downscaling capabilities of remote sensing data. 3) Deep learning-driven multimodal, multi-scale, and multi-temporal information fusion models have gained widespread adoption. The integration of lightweight networks, hybrid models, and attention mechanisms has facilitated effective interaction and fusion of heterogeneous data, significantly enhancing the accuracy and real-time performance of synchronous multi-parameter prediction. 4)Emerging research trends highlight the importance of developing inversion models with strong generalization capabilities for complex agricultural environments and constructing multi-scale (proximal-airborne-spaceborne) soil information sensing networks based on swarm intelligence and collaborative sensing. Furthermore, integrating soil continuum model theory, future efforts should prioritize the exploration of in-situ monitoring methods and quantitative correlation models for soil microbial dynamics and organic matter turnover processes, aiming to transition from single physicochemical parameter monitoring to comprehensive soil ecosystem health assessment.
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国家重点研发计划(2024YFD1500800)
中国农业大学2115人才工程联合资助
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