In response to the severe compression of national ecological space caused by China's extensive and rapid urbanization, which has gradually approached the upper limit of ecosystem environmental carrying capacity, this study systematically advances territorial space ecological restoration by taking Kunming City as the research area. Ecological restoration zones were delineated based on soil and water conservation, biodiversity maintenance, and water source conservation. An evaluation index system of “ecosystem vitality-ecosystem organization-ecosystem resilience” was constructed to assess the ecosystem health status of Kunming in 2010, 2015, and 2020. Four ecological restoration modes were proposed based on health grades, and this study proposed targeted restoration measures for four ecological restoration zones. The results indicated that: From 2010 to 2015, Kunming's ecosystem health significantly improved overall, but a deteriorating trend emerged from 2015 to 2020. Four restoration modes, including ecological maintenance, intervention-based restoration, assisted regeneration, and ecological reconstruction, were classified according to their health grades. The targeted restoration measures were proposed for the four ecological restoration zones. This study provides a scientific basis for determining ecosystem restoration modes based on the intrinsic health status of the territorial space.
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