Institute of Industrial Crops/ Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rape in Yangtze River Downstream of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2025-02-21
2025-11-01
Issue Date
2026-04-15
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摘要
为探明秸秆还田配施氮肥对盐碱地大麦后直播棉磷、钾利用与土壤磷钾平衡的影响,采用大田裂区试验,主区为秸秆还田量(秸秆不还田,S0;全量秸秆还田,S1),副区为不同氮肥运筹(不施氮,N0;尿素,U;控释氮肥,CRN;尿素+控释氮肥,UC),研究秸秆还田与氮肥配施对直播棉磷钾累积与利用、土壤磷钾平衡、土壤速效磷与速效钾含量的影响。结果表明:1)与S0相比,处理S1地上部与生殖器官磷钾累积量分别于盛花期后与吐絮期显著增加。施氮处理间,CRN处理地上部与生殖器官磷钾累积量盛蕾期较低而吐絮期较高,UC处理不同生育期地上部与生殖器官磷、钾累积量均较高;吐絮期地上部与生殖器官磷钾累积量以S1CRN与S1UC处理组合较高。较之于S1U,吐絮期S1CRN与S1UC处理组合地上部钾累积量2年均值分别提高12.9%与10.4%,生殖器官钾累积量分别提高1.9%与3.6%。2)皮棉产量以S1UC处理组合较高。秸秆还田对棉株磷、钾利用效率影响不显著,施氮处理间以UC处理磷钾利用效率较高而CRN处理较低。3)土壤磷素S0下亏缺,S1下2021年亏缺、2022年盈余; 土壤钾素S0下亏缺而S1下盈余;施氮处理间以U处理磷钾盈余较高;S1UC处理组合土壤磷素与钾素表观平衡。4)S0UC、S1UC处理组合土壤速效磷与速效钾含量较低。综上,秸秆还田(6 000 kg/hm2)配施“尿素+控释氮肥”(180 kg /hm2,以纯N计)促进盐碱地大麦后直播棉对土壤速效养分利用,提高直播棉磷、钾累积与利用效率,可达到直播棉高产与土壤磷钾平衡协同。
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of straw returning coupled with different nitrogen fertilization strategies on the phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) utilization efficiencies of the direct-seeded cotton after barley and the soil P and K apparent balance. A two-factor split-plot design was employed. The main plots were two different straw returning rates: no straw return (S0) and full straw return (S1). The subplots were four different nitrogen fertilization strategies, which were no nitrogen fertilizer (N0), urea (U), controlled-release nitrogen (CRN), and urea+CRN (UC). The impacts of their different combinations on the P and K accumulation and utilization efficiency of direct-seeded cotton, the soil P and K apparent balance and the soil available P and K contents were investigated. The results showed that: 1) Compared to S0, the P and K accumulation of shoot and reproductive organs under S1 significantly increased after the peak blooming stage and boll-opening stage. Under nitrogen fertilization application, the treatment CRN had lower P and K accumulation at the peak squaring stage but higher values at the boll-opening stage, whereas the treatment UC exhibited consistently higher P and K accumulation across different growth stages. The direct-seeded cotton under the treatment combinations of S1CRN and S1UC exhibited higher P and K accumulation at the boll-opening stage. Compared to S1U, the two-year average K accumulation of cotton plants at the boll-opening stage in S1CRN and S1UC treatment combinations increased by 12.9% and 10.4% in shoot, respectively, and increased by 1.9% and 3.6% in reproductive organs. 2) The cotton plant under the S1UC combination had higher yields than other combinations. Compared to S0, the utilization efficiency of P and K of the cotton plant showed no significant change under S1. The utilization efficiencies of P and K of the cotton plant were higher in the UC treatment but lower in the CRN treatment under nitrogen fertilizer application. 3)The soil P was deficient under S0, while it was deficient in 2021 and surplus in 2022 under S1. The soil K was deficient under S0 and surplus under S1. The surplus of soil P and K was greater in the U treatment under nitrogen fertilizer application. The soil P and K was just in apparent balance for the treatment combination of S1UC. 4)The treatment combinations of S0UC and S1UC had lower soil available P and K content. In conclusion, the straw returning of 6 000 kg/hm2 combined with UC of pure N 180 kg /hm2) facilitated the utilization of soil available nutrients, thereby improving the P and K accumulation and utilization efficiency of direct-seeded cotton after barley in coastal saline land, which achieved the synergy of high yield and the apparent balance of soil P and K.
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