Based on the provincial panel data from 2013 to 2022, this study empirically tests the impact mechanism and dependency conditions of digitization and green synergistic transformation on food security capabilities by adopting the fixed effect model, mediating effect model, and threshold effect model. The results show that: 1) The digitization and green synergistic transformation can significantly enhance the food security guarantee capability. The improvement effects in various dimensions, from strong to weak, are innovation transformation ability, adaptation and adjustment ability, and risk resistance ability. 2) In the main grain-producing areas, the central and eastern regions, digitization and green synergistic transformation have a more significant effect on enhancing the food security guarantee capability. 3) The digitization and greening synergistic transformation can indirectly affect food security guarantee capability by accelerating land transfer, promoting non-agricultural employment, and developing agricultural productive services. 4) The new agricultural management subject is an important dependent condition for the digitization and green synergistic transformation to improve the food security guarantee capability. Developing a digitization and green synergistic mechanism, optimizing factor allocation, and cultivating new agricultural business entities are proposed in this study to improve the food security guarantee capability and build a solid foundation for food security.
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