To clarify the relationship between agricultural insurance and agricultural green and low-carbon development, using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2022, based on the policy perspective of full-cost insurance and income insurance pilot, this study empirically tests the influence effect and mechanism of pilot development on agricultural net carbon sink, and focuses on the synergy between green agricultural technology adoption, large-scale operation and planting structure adjustment. The results show that: 1) The implementation of the pilot policies of full cost insurance and income insurance has significantly improved the net carbon sink of agriculture; 2) The pilot policy mainly promotes agricultural carbon reduction and foreign exchange increase through large-scale operation, planting structure adjustment and green agricultural technology adoption, and there is synergy between green agricultural technology adoption and large-scale operation and planting structure adjustment to jointly promote carbon reduction and foreign exchange increase in the pilot areas; 3) The pilot policy has a significant impact on agricultural carbon emissions and carbon absorption, and has different impacts on carbon emissions from different carbon sources; 4) The pilot policy has a significant impact on the agricultural net carbon sink in the middle and high natural risk areas, but has no significant impact on the agricultural net carbon sink in the low natural risk areas. Based on the research results, this study puts forward some policy suggestions as follows: Speeding up the promotion of full-cost insurance and income insurance and improving farmers' willingness to participate in insurance; Optimize the premium subsidy mechanism and give play to the demonstration role of large-scale business entities and specialized growers; Improving green technology extension services and enhancing farmers' technology application ability; Building a differentiated support system for risk areas and strengthening subsidies and infrastructure investment in high natural risk areas.
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