耕作方式和有机肥对土壤有机碳及作物产量的影响
杨杰 , 赵霡 , 由福英 , 王培烨 , 周静 , 谢颖 , 王萌瑶 , 张鑫 , 王贵彦
中国农业大学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12) : 12 -22.
耕作方式和有机肥对土壤有机碳及作物产量的影响
Effects of tillage practices and organic manure on soil organic carbon and crop yield
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为探讨不同耕作方式和施用有机肥对土壤有机碳、活性碳组分和作物产量的影响,于2022—2023年开展田间试验,采用裂区设计,设深翻(D)、深翻施用有机肥(DM)、旋耕(R)和旋耕施用有机肥(RM)4个处理,以旋耕(R)为对照处理,探究了耕作方式与施有机肥对土壤有机碳(Soil organic carbon,SOC)及其活性碳组分、碳相关酶活性、土壤碳库管理指数(Carbon pool management index,CPMI)和作物产量的影响。结果表明:1)耕作方式与施有机肥对土壤有机碳库具有显著影响,深翻比旋耕显著提高了SOC及其活性碳组分含量,施有机肥比不施有机肥显著提高了SOC及其活性碳组分含量(P<0.05);深翻施用有机肥处理SOC含量显著高于其他处理,与对照相比显著提高10.18%(P<0.05)。2)耕作方式和施有机肥对土壤碳相关酶活性有显著影响,深翻比旋耕显著提高了土壤碳相关酶活性,施有机肥比不施有机肥显著提高了土壤碳相关酶活性(P<0.05);深翻施用有机肥处理过氧化氢酶(Soil catalase, S-CAT)活性(>20—40 cm土层)显著高于其他处理,较对照显著提高了15.40%(P<0.05)。3)耕作方式与施有机肥对小麦-玉米两熟周年产量及CPMI有显著影响,均是深翻施用有机肥显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);深翻施用有机肥周年产量较对照处理显著提高了9.40%,深翻施用有机肥CPMI较对照处理显著提高了28.50%(P<0.05)。4)SOC及其活性碳组分、碳相关酶活性和CPMI均与小麦-玉米两熟周年产量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),碳相关酶活性与SOC及其活性碳组分均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),CPMI与碳相关酶活性、SOC及其活性碳组分均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。综上,深翻施用有机肥可激发土壤碳相关酶活性,促进土壤活性碳与有机碳增加,提高了碳库管理指数,达到增碳增产的目的。
To investigate the effects of different tillage practices and organic fertilizer application on soil organic carbon, active carbon components, and crop yield, a field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023. Split-plot design was adopted. Four treatments deep tillage (D), deep tillage with organic fertilizer (DM), rotary tillage (R), and rotary tillage with organic fertilizer (RM) were set by taking rotary tillage (R) as the control. The impacts of tillage practices and organic fertilizer application on soil organic carbon (SOC), its active components, carbon-related enzyme activities, soil carbon pool management index (CPMI), and crop yield were examined. The results showed that: 1) Tillage practices and organic fertilizer application significantly influenced the soil organic carbon pool. Deep tillage significantly increased the SOC and active carbon components compared with rotary tillage, while organic fertilizer application significantly enhanced the SOC and active carbon fraction contents compared with non-application (P<0.05). The SOC content under the deep tillage with organic fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that under other treatments, which was significantly increased by 10.18% compared with the control (P<0.05). 2) Tillage practices and organic fertilizer application significantly affected soil carbon-related enzyme activities. Deep tillage significantly increased soil carbon-related enzyme activities compared with rotary tillage, and organic fertilizer application significantly enhanced these activities compared with non-application (P<0.05). The soil catalase (S-CAT) activity in the >20-40 cm soil layer under the deep tillage with organic fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that under other treatments, significantly increased by 15.40% compared with the control (P<0.05). 3) Tillage practices and organic fertilizer application significantly influenced the annual yield of the wheat-maize double-cropping system and CPMI (P<0.05). The deep tillage with organic fertilizer treatment exhibited significantly higher values in both parameters compared with other treatments. The annual yield under deep tillage with organic fertilizer increased by 9.40% compared with the control, while the CPMI increased by 28.50% (P<0.05). 4) SOC and its active fractions, carbon-related enzyme activities, and CPMI were significantly positively correlated with the annual yield of the wheat-maize double-cropping system (P<0.05). Carbon-related enzyme activities showed highly significant positive correlations with SOC and its active fractions (P<0.01), and CPMI was highly significantly positively correlated with carbon-related enzyme activities, SOC and its active fractions (P<0.01). In conclusion, deep tillage combined with organic fertilizer application can stimulate soil carbon-related enzyme activities, promote the accumulation of soil-active carbon and organic carbon, and enhance the carbon pool management index, thereby achieving the dual goals of increasing carbon sequestration and crop yields.
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