张哲,博士,研究员,辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所副所长。主要从事旱地农业科学研究和技术推广工作,现为国家创新人才推进计划重点领域创新团队——“北方旱地耕作制度创新团队”核心成员。兼任中国农学会耕作制度分会副秘书长、国家农业环境阜新观测实验站常务副站长。先后主持国家重点研发计划课题、国家自然科学基金面上项目、辽宁省科技厅科技重大专项课题等省部级以上科研项目18项。在Agricultural Water Management、《农业工程学报》等国内外重要刊物发表论文52篇。作为主要完成人先后获得科技成果奖励13项,其中辽宁省科学技术进步奖一等奖1项,农业农村部神农中华农业科技奖优秀创新团队奖1项,中国农业节水科技奖一等奖1项,梁希林业科学技术奖二等奖1项;获市(厅)级一等奖8项,二等奖1项;获国家授权专利12项,软件著作权3件;制定辽宁省地方标准9项。入选国家神农英才计划青年英才、辽宁省“兴辽英才”计划青年拔尖人才,获辽宁青年科技奖“十大英才”荣誉称号。
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Effects of different mulching treatments on spring maize yield and water use efficiency in the semi-arid region of Western Liaoning
To explore the impact of straw application on the stable yield and water utilization efficiency of spring maize in continuous fall mulching farmland, and provide a theoretical basis for the sustainability of fall mulching technology application, based on a positioning experiment with different mulching methods set up in the semi-arid area of Western Liaoning in 2013, four treatments were set up from 2018 to 2022, including no mulching (NM), spring mulching (traditional growth period mulching, SM), autumn mulching (mulching after autumn harvest, AM), and autumn mulching combined with straw application (straw is crushed and applied after autumn harvest, AMS). The yields of spring corn, yield components, stable yield performance, soil moisture content, and water utilization efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) From 2018 to 2022, the AMS treatment significantly increased corn yield (P<0.05). Compared with the NM treatment, it increased by 106.39%, 25.87%, 54.77%, 19.64%, and 20.98% respectively. Compared with the SM treatment, it increased by 48.22%, 9.33%, 30.66%, 9.92%, and 9.34% respectively. Compared with the AM treatment, it increased by 11.78%, 7.71%, 12.86%, 4.77%, and 4.43% respectively. However, there was no significant difference in harvest index among the treatments (P>0.05). 2) The yield variation coefficient of AMS treatment in five years was 23.54%, which had better stability compared with other treatments. 3) In most years, the AMS treatment significantly increased soil water storage capacity and precipitation utilization rate (P<0.05), During the sowing period from 2018 to 2022, there was about 750 m3 of water storage capacity increase in the 0-100 cm soil layer per hectare. Compared with the NM treatment, the precipitation utilization rate was increased by 9.33% to 48.22%, and the water consumption of crops was also significantly increased (P<0.05), providing more available water for corn. 4) In most years, the AMS treatment also significantly improved the water utilization efficiency of both economic and biological yield (P<0.05). From 2018 to 2022, compared with the NM treatment, the AMS treatment increased the water utilization efficiency of economic yield by 109.60%, 6.62%, 47.82%, 15.80%, and 11.10%, respectively, and the water utilization efficiency of biological yield by 81.33%, 3.14%, 55.49%, 16.57%, and 16.14%, respectively. Therefore, under different precipitation years, the autumn mulching combined with straw application technology is an effective technical measure for achieving stable and increased yield and improving water utilization efficiency of spring corn in the semi-arid area of Western Liaoning.
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张哲,博士,研究员,辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所副所长。主要从事旱地农业科学研究和技术推广工作,现为国家创新人才推进计划重点领域创新团队——“北方旱地耕作制度创新团队”核心成员。兼任中国农学会耕作制度分会副秘书长、国家农业环境阜新观测实验站常务副站长。先后主持国家重点研发计划课题、国家自然科学基金面上项目、辽宁省科技厅科技重大专项课题等省部级以上科研项目18项。在Agricultural Water Management、《农业工程学报》等国内外重要刊物发表论文52篇。作为主要完成人先后获得科技成果奖励13项,其中辽宁省科学技术进步奖一等奖1项,农业农村部神农中华农业科技奖优秀创新团队奖1项,中国农业节水科技奖一等奖1项,梁希林业科学技术奖二等奖1项;获市(厅)级一等奖8项,二等奖1项;获国家授权专利12项,软件著作权3件;制定辽宁省地方标准9项。入选国家神农英才计划青年英才、辽宁省“兴辽英才”计划青年拔尖人才,获辽宁青年科技奖“十大英才”荣誉称号。
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张哲,博士,研究员,辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所副所长。主要从事旱地农业科学研究和技术推广工作,现为国家创新人才推进计划重点领域创新团队——“北方旱地耕作制度创新团队”核心成员。兼任中国农学会耕作制度分会副秘书长、国家农业环境阜新观测实验站常务副站长。先后主持国家重点研发计划课题、国家自然科学基金面上项目、辽宁省科技厅科技重大专项课题等省部级以上科研项目18项。在Agricultural Water Management、《农业工程学报》等国内外重要刊物发表论文52篇。作为主要完成人先后获得科技成果奖励13项,其中辽宁省科学技术进步奖一等奖1项,农业农村部神农中华农业科技奖优秀创新团队奖1项,中国农业节水科技奖一等奖1项,梁希林业科学技术奖二等奖1项;获市(厅)级一等奖8项,二等奖1项;获国家授权专利12项,软件著作权3件;制定辽宁省地方标准9项。入选国家神农英才计划青年英才、辽宁省“兴辽英才”计划青年拔尖人才,获辽宁青年科技奖“十大英才”荣誉称号。
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娄义晟,白伟,孙占祥,张哲.
辽西半干旱区不同覆膜处理对春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].
中国农业大学学报, 2025, 30(12): 149-162 DOI:10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2025.12.13
目前已有较多有关覆膜与秸秆还田相结合对春玉米产量和水分利用效率提升的机理研究。牛婷婷等[11]提出覆膜保水与秸秆养分释放结合,促进玉米根系发育和干物质积累,地膜覆盖结合秸秆还田处理较单一措施增产12%~17%,同时覆膜+秸秆还田组合使水分利用效率(Water use efficiency,WUE)提升13.8%~19.2%。张哲等[12]则提出地膜覆盖可以提升地温,加速秸秆腐解,从而缓解还田初期水分竞争问题,同时地膜覆盖结合秸秆还田可使土壤贮水量提高23%,缓解干旱胁迫对产量的影响。王闪闪等[13]提出,地膜覆盖结合秸秆还田可显著提高土壤微生物生物量氮含量,提高土壤脲酶和羟胺还原酶活性,显著增加土壤矿质态氮含量以及土壤脲酶和硝酸还原酶活性,从而提高了肥料利用效率。通过前人的研究可以明确地膜覆盖结合秸秆还田对于提高作物产量和提高水分利用效率有着积极影响,但是连续实施多年后该技术的是否可以维持稳产增产和提高水分利用效率尚缺乏相关报道。为此,本研究依托2013年布设的长期定位试验,以2018—2022年连续5年的不同地膜覆盖处理为研究对象,探究秋覆膜结合秸秆还田对土壤水分时空变化、玉米生长发育、产量、产量构成因素、稳产性和水分利用效率等方面的影响,探讨不同农田管理措施耦合集成在春玉米生产中的应用,以期明确秋覆膜种植方式下较合理的节水技术措施,旨在为解决辽西半干旱区水分利用效率较低、产量水平不高等问题提供理论和技术支撑。
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