1.Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control of Degraded Farmland in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031 China
2.College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019 China
3.College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010020 China
To explore the long-term trend of soil quality changes in farmland under different crop rotation patterns and their effects on alleviating drought stress, four long-term (2016-2022) fixed location rotation models, spring wheat-potato (R1), spring wheat-potato-rape (R2), spring wheat-rape (R3), and continuous spring wheat (C1), were established on the western slope of the Great Khingan Mountains. Two water treatments, normal moisture (NC) and drought stress (HC), were designed, resulting in a total of eight treatments. In order of crop rotation, spring wheat ‘Longmai 36’ was planted in all rotation models in 2022. The soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial biomass, and wheat yield under different treatments were determined, and the response of soil quality indicators under different rotation systems to drought stress, and the mitigation effects were analyzed. The results showed that: In terms of soil properties, under both water treatments, R1, R2 and R3 had significantly higher soil moisture content, total porosity, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, and microbial biomass phosphorus than those of C1 (P<0.05). Compared with NC, the variation amplitudes of soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial indicators in R1, R2 and R3 under HC were all smaller than those in C1. Among which, R1 showed the best mitigation effect on available phosphorus content and catalase activity under drought stress, with mitigation values of 66.27% and 13.27%, respectively. R2 had the best mitigation effect on soil moisture content, available potassium, and sucrase activity under drought stress, with values of 3.77%, 50.38%, and 44.99%, respectively. R3 had the highest mitigation effect on alkaline phosphatase activity under drought stress, reaching 57.29%. Under both NC and HC conditions, the soil quality index (SQI) of R1, R2 and R3 was all significantly higher than that of C1 (P<0.05), with no significant differences among R1, R2 and R3. In terms of yield, under both water treatments, the yield differences among R1, R2 and R3 were not significant, but were all significantly higher than that of C1 (P<0.05). Under HC, the yields of C1, R1, R2 and R3 decreased by 24.13%, 12.95%, 16.59%, and 18.98%, respectively, compared with NC, with R1 showing the best drought mitigation effect (46.33%). The yield of spring wheat shows a significant positive correlation with soil physical properties such as mass water content and total porosity, soil nutrient indicators including organic matter content and available nitrogen, soil enzyme activities like sucrase and alkaline phosphatase, as well as soil microbial biomass phosphorus. In conclusion, spring wheat-potato (R1), spring wheat-potato-rape (R2), spring wheat-rape (R3) rotation patterns can significantly improve the quality of farmland soil arable land in the western foothills of the Great Khingan Mountains, thereby alleviate the limitations of water and nutrient use by spring wheat under drought, and significantly increase spring wheat yield. R1 and R2 have better effects on alleviating drought stress.
LiuY J, ZhangT J, ZhangX Q, LuZ Y, LiuZ Y, ChengY C, WuD, LiJ L. Effects of tillage methods under straw returning on the labile organic carbon fractions and carbon pool management index in black soil farmland[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(17): 3408-3423 (in Chinese)
JiaoY G, ZhangL Y, LiuJ, DouJ F, ZhangH T, MaoG W. Water-saving technology of dry farming in Hulunbeier city and its popularization effect[J]. China Agricultural Technology Extension, 2020, 36(12), 56-58 (in Chinese)
[5]
FangJ, MaJ, WenT, NiuG Q, WeiS L, SuS F, YiL X, ChengY C, YuanJ, ZhaoX Q. Cry for help from rhizosphere microbiomes and self-rescue strategies cooperatively alleviate drought stress in spring wheat[J/OL]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, (--). DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2025.109813
[6]
周来良. 干旱对根际土壤酶、氮磷钾及根部有机酸的影响[D]. 重庆:西南大学, 2009
[7]
ZhouL L. Effects of drought stress on rhizosphere enzyme, N, P, K and Root organic acid [D]. Chongqing: Southwest University, 2009 (in Chinese)
[8]
王梓轩. 干旱胁迫下不同品种甘蔗根际土壤环境差异性研究[D]. 南宁:广西大学, 2020
[9]
WangZ X. Study on the difference of rhizosphere soil environment of different sugarcane varieties under drought stress[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2020 (in Chinese)
ZhangS Y, YangJ, ZhaoS, LiL W, WangG Y. The impact of diversified crops and wheat-maize rotations on soil quality in the North China Plain[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(2): 238-251 (in Chinese)
ChenZ M, PeckT R, BoastC W. Effects of cropping system and fertilization on the chemical and physical properties of the soils of morrow plots[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 1987, 24(1): 86-93, 99-100 (in Chinese)
[16]
NourA, LeeJ, YinX H, SaxtonA M, TylerD D, SykesV R, ArelliP. Crop species in no-tillage summer crop rotations affect soil quality and yield in an Alfisol[J]. Geoderma, 2019, 345: 51-62
[17]
BenitezM S, OsborneS L, LehmanR M. Previous crop and rotation history effects on maize seedling health and associated rhizosphere microbiome[J/OL]. Scientific Reports, (--), DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15955-9
[18]
AparicioV, CostaJ L. Soil quality indicators under continuous cropping systems in the Argentinean Pampas[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2007, 96(1-2): 155-165
XuP Z, XieK Z, ChenJ S, TangS H, ZhangF B, HuangX, LiK H. Effect of rice-vegetable cropping system with a mid-late rice on soil enzyme activity and cultured microbial diversity [J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2008, 14(5): 923-928 (in Chinese)
ZhangC J, KangW J, ZhangC M, XueY T, ZhouC, LiuC, XiaoH L, ShiS L. Evaluation of the effects of different rotation patterns on soil fertility based on principal component-cluster analysis[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 34(1): 292-300 (in Chinese)
XuY C, ShenQ R, RanW. Effects of zero-tillage and application of manure on soil microbial biomass C, N, and P after sixteen years of cropping [J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2002, 39(1): 83-90 (in Chinese)
[25]
HsiaoT C. Plant responses to water stress[J]. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 1973, 24: 519-570
[26]
鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2000
[27]
LuR K. Methods of Soil Agrochemical Analysis[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2000 (in Chinese)
WuJ S, LinQ M, HuangQ Y, HeJ Z, XiaoH A. Determination Method of Soil Microbial Biomass and Its Application[M]. Beijing: Meteorological Publishing Press, 2006 (in Chinese)
[36]
ZhuM K, AiX Y, ShengM H, AiS H, MiaoN, AiY W. Using a soil quality index to evaluate the artificial soil quality response to rehabilitation time[J/OL]. Ecological Engineering, (--). DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107234
XieJ H, ZhangR Z, LiL L, LuoZ Z, CaiL Q, ChaiQ. Effect of different tillage practice on rain-fed maize yield and soil water/temperature characteristics in the Loess Plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015, 23(11): 1384-1393 (in Chinese)
JiaZ J, LiuX Z, LiW C, LiuQ L, ChenJ H, YaoX C, XuT Y . Evolution and regulation of soil quality and land productivity in continuous cropping gravel-sand mulched field in arid region: Progress and perspective [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2024, 44(5): 2136-2148 (in Chinese)
LiuZ D, LiuZ G, NingD F, QinA Z, NanJ Q, ZhangX, XiaoJ F. Effects of subsoiling tillage on water utilization and yield of maize[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2015, 34(5): 6-12 (in Chinese)
GuoY X, ChenY L, MiaoQ, FanZ Y, SunJ W, CuiZ L, LiJ Y. Spatial-Temporal variability of soil nutrients and assessment of soil fertility in Erhai Lake Basin[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(10): 1987-1999 (in Chinese)
[47]
BellC W, Acosta-MartinezV, McIntyreN E, CoxS, TissueD T, ZakJ C. Linking microbial community structure and function to seasonal differences in soil moisture and temperature in a Chihuahuan desert grassland[J]. Microbial Ecology, 2009, 58(4): 827-842
LiL R, FengJ L, LiuM M, MeiH, KangZ Y, CaiQ N. Effect of crop planting patterns on soil microorganisms and crop pests in farmland[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(29): 99-106 (in Chinese)
ZhaoJ, MengK, SuiY Y, HanB J, ZhangY, LiH W. Analysis for spatial heterogeneity of organic carbon and available nutrients in black soil region of Hailun County[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2005, 36(4): 487-492 (in Chinese)
[52]
丁建莉. 长期施肥对黑土微生物群落结构及其碳代谢的影响[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2017
[53]
DingJ L. Black soil microbial community structure and carbon metabolism in response to long-term fertilization[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2017 (in Chinese)
[54]
闫非凡. 玉米-大豆轮作对大豆产量及土壤微生物群落的影响[D]. 延吉: 延边大学, 2021
[55]
YanF F. Effects of maize-soybean rotation on soybean yield and soil microbial community[D]. Yanji: YanBian University, 2021 (in Chinese)
ZhouF R, WangJ X, YangN, ZhangQ. Effects of water and lead stress on soil enzyme activities[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2013, 21(3): 479-484 (in Chinese)
[60]
ZhangX C, DippoldM A, KuzyakovY, RazaviB S. Spatial pattern of enzyme activities depends on root exudate composition[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2019, 21(133): 83-93
XiaoX, ZhuW, XiaoL, DengY P, ZhaoY W, WangJ F. Suitable water and nitrogen treatment improves soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and enzyme activities of paddy field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013, 29(21): 91-98 (in Chinese)
[63]
SardansJ, PeñuelasJ. Drought decreases soil enzyme activity in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex L forest[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2005, 37(3): 455-461
[64]
陶佳. 断根与干旱对苹果幼树生长发育及根际环境的影响[D].杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2015
[65]
TaoJ. Effect of root pruning and drought on growth and rhizosphere of young apple tree[D]. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2015 (in Chinese)
WangH Y, XuM G, MaX, DuanY H. Research advances of microorganism and ammonia oxidizing bacteria under long-term fertilization in Chinese typical cropland[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2018(2): 1-12 (in Chinese)
LiuM Q, HuF, HeY Q, LiH X. Seasonal dynamics of soil microbial biomass and its significance to indicate soil quality under different vegetations restored on degraded red soils[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2003, 40(6): 937-944 (in Chinese)
XuH, HeM Z, SunY. Response of soil enzyme activities to precipitation regulation in arid desert areas[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University: Natural Sciences, 2018, 54(6): 790-797 (in Chinese)
[72]
张娟. 不同种植模式对砂田土壤微生物学性状及作物的影响[D]. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2014
[73]
ZhangJ. Effect of different planting patterns on soil microbiological characteristics and crop in gravel-sand mulched field[D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2014 (in Chinese)
LiX T, LiL J, LiY, LiuX F. Effect of different crop rotation methods on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2018, 34(9): 68-73 (in Chinese)
YuanL. The effects of different rotation tillage patterns on soil quality, aggregate composition, and stability in wheat-peanut rotation fields of in eastern Henan Province [J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2023,51(15):245-252 (in Chinese)
LiuY L, LiY, XiongH, ZhangY R, HuangX C, YangY H, ZhuH Q, ZhangM. Effects of different cropping patterns on soil carbon, nitrogen nutrients and enzyme activities in paddy fields of yellow soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2025, 56(1): 209-217 (in Chinese)
[80]
ZhangX F, YangW L, XinX L, ZhuA N, DingS J. Poor physical structural components restrict soil fertility and crop productivity for wheat‑maize cropping[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2020,117(2): 169-184
[81]
AnkenbauerK J, LoheideS P. The effects of soil organic matter on soil water retention and plant water use in a meadow of the Sierra Nevada, CA[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2017, 31(4):891-901
[82]
WangX, LuP, YangP. Effects of micro-drip irrigation on soil enzymatic activities and nutrient uptake, and cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L) yield [J]. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 2021, 67(12): 1621-1633
[83]
MagarS T, FujinoT, HanT K K. Effect of irrigation regime and soil nutrients on the growth of the paddy weed heteranthera reniformis and rice grain yield[J/OL]. Environments,(--). DOI:doi.org/10.3390/environments11030056
TianX P, ZhangZ Y, ZhaiR C. Effects of rotation and continuous cultivation on nutrient in albic soils and crop yield[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2002, 18(5): 82-84 (in Chinese)