Genetic analysis and comprehensive evaluation of semi-lethal temperature in F1 progrny of intraspecific hybridization between ‘Dunkelfelder’ and ‘Ecolly’
To breed high-quality and cold-resistant wine grape varieties, the reciprocal cross progenies of Eurasian grape ‘Dunkelfelder’ and ‘Ecolly’ were used as experimental materials, the genetic analysis and comprehensive evaluation of winter bud mean high-temperature exotherm (mHTE) and mean low-temperature exotherm (mLTE) of 244 intraspecific Hybrid Progenies of ‘Dunkelfelder’ and ‘Ecolly’ were carried out in 2023, 2024 and 2025 by using differential thermal analysis(DTA). The results showed that: 1) The mHTE and mLTE values of winter buds in the intraspecific hybrids were continuously distributed, conforming to a normal or skewed normal distribution; The heritability of mHTE and mLTE values in the winter buds of the progenies of reciprocal crosses was more than 80%, and the generalized heritability ranged from 0.61 to 0.80. 2)There was a positive correlation between the mHTE and mLTE values of winter buds, and the correlation coefficients in 2023, 2024 and 2025 are 0.549 8, 0.513 9 and 0.303 6, respectively. The judgment coefficients of the regression model differ greatly between years, the determination coefficients in 2023, 2024 and 2025 are 0.302 3, 0.264 1 and 0.092 1, respectively. 3) According to the mHTE and mLTE values of winter buds for three consecutive years, among the 224 intraspecific hybrids of Vitis vinifera L., 2106007, 2006008 and 2006014 of combination six, and 2110007 and 2010031 of combination ten can be regarded as the better cold-resistant strains. This study revealed that the cold resistance in V. vinifera belongs to quantitative trait inheritance, and a few superior strains of cold resistance can be created by intraspecific hybridization.
山葡萄种间杂交后代群体的抗寒力强弱取决于山葡萄基因所占的比例,不同杂交模式杂种后代抗寒性不同,以山葡萄作母本与欧美杂种杂交的F1代抗寒性显著高于以山葡萄作父本与欧美杂种杂交的F1代,利用山葡萄的种间杂交 F1 代再与欧亚栽培种杂交,抗寒性显著降低[20]。‘北红’בES7-11-49’、‘北红’ב赤霞珠’、‘北醇’ב康可’以及‘北红’自交后代群体的抗寒性均偏向于抗寒性增强的方向[18,21]。本研究中,不同组合及年份间冬芽mLTE值的遗传无明显的偏向分布,暗示了葡萄抗寒性在欧亚种内杂交群体中并没有母本优势,这可能与杂交亲本间抗寒性的差异较小有关,Wang等[22]抗寒鉴定结果表明,‘爱格丽’依据染色指数拟合的半致死温度为-19.57 ℃,‘爱格丽’的半致死温度是-21.07 ℃。因此,欧亚种葡萄种内杂交选育抗寒品种时可以同时选择抗寒性较好的品种(系)作为杂交亲本,这样可以加大欧亚种内杂交选育优质抗寒株系的概率。
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