College of Economics and Management,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China
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文章历史+
Received
Accepted
Published
2025-03-30
2025-07-18
2026-01-01
Issue Date
2026-04-15
PDF (909K)
摘要
为探究非农就业影响农户收入质量的效应及作用机制,以中国社会状况综合调查(Chinese social survey,Css)2017、2019和2021年3年数据为基础,采用OLS模型、中介效应模型、分位数回归模型并结合工具变量法,实证分析非农就业对农户收入质量的影响机制,同时考察非农就业对不同收入和不同经济期望农户收入质量的影响差异。结果表明:1)非农就业能够显著提升农户收入质量水平。2)非农收入和社会保障在非农就业影响农户收入质量中起到中介作用。3)非农就业对农户收入质量的提升效果在低收入农户和低经济期望农户中更为明显,并且对于低收入和低经济期望农户,保障效应更为突出,而对于高收入和高经济期望农户,增收效应更为突出。基于此,提出强化非农就业促进政策、优化收益与保障双重机制、实施差异性精准帮扶政策等建议,促进农户收入质量实现稳步提高。
Abstract
To explore the effect and mechanism of non-agricultural employment on the quality of farmers’ income, based on the data of the Chinese social survey (Css) in 2017, 2019 and 2021, an empirical analysis is performed using the OLS model, the mediating effect model, the quantile regression model, and combining the instrumental variable method. The differences in the impact of non-farm employment on the income quality of farmers with different incomes and economic expectations are also investigated. The results show that: 1) Non-farm employment can significantly improve the quality of farmers’ income. 2) Non-farm income and social security play a mediating role in the impact of non-farm employment on the quality of farmers’ income. 3) The effect of non-farm employment on improving the quality of farmers’ income is more obvious in low-income farmers and farmers with low economic expectations. For low-income and low-economic-expectation farmers, the guarantee effect is more prominent, while for high-income and high-economic-expectation farmers, the income-increasing effect is more prominent. Based on this, suggestions such as strengthening policies to promote non-agricultural employment, optimizing the dual mechanism of income and security, and implementing differentiated and precise assistance policies are proposed to promote the steady improvement of farmers’ income quality.
学术界在非农就业和收入质量等领域已经取得了一系列研究成果。已有研究[4-5]表明,非农就业能优化劳动力资源配置,拓宽收入渠道,促进家庭收入增长及缩小收入差距。并且,非农就业可以减少农业收入的不确定性,增强农村家庭的经济稳定性[6-9]。此外,已有研究[10-11]还发现,非农就业能够有效改善家庭的收入结构和提升收入来源的多样性。从理论探讨到政策实践,收入质量均已凸显其核心地位。乡村振兴战略进入“提质增效”阶段后,中央一号文件将“提高收入的持续性与抗风险能力”列为关键目标,标志着政策焦点已由数量扩张迈向质量提升。单一收入水平在市场波动、极端气候与公共卫生冲击面前难以揭示农户脆弱性,而充足性、结构性、成长性与成本性四维指标可以细分风险暴露,为福利测度提供更具解释力的尺度。非农就业不仅增加收入,还通过调整来源结构、优化投资—收益比与强化成长预期影响农户福利,这些机制唯有置于收入质量框架之下方能系统检验。多维衡量有助于在增收政策、就业扶持与农村社会保障之间建立精准的对接与评估逻辑。基于以上背景,本研究利用中国社会状况综合调查(Chinese social survey, Css)2017、2019和2021年的数据,将关注点从收入数量延伸至收入质量,从农户视角分析非农就业对收入质量的动态影响,并引入非农收入和社会保障的中介作用,探讨非农就业与收入质量的关系机制以及非农就业对收入质量提升的差异性影响,以期为推动农村劳动力非农化和收入质量提升提供政策启示。
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