The study was to establish a reliable and efficient method for evaluating cold hardiness of pear germplasm resources, identify the cold hardiness of pear germplasm resources, and screen highly cold-hardy germplasm. In this study,112 annual branches of pear germplasm resources were used as test materials. The low-temperature exothermic (LTE) temperatures of the branch tissues were determined using differential thermal analysis (DTA) system and the temperature-injury regression equations (LT-I), established.The cold resistance of the 112 pear germplasm resources was analyzed using the LTE indexes, and comprehensive cold hardiness evaluation and screening were conductedthrough comprehensive membership function analysis andcluster analysis. The results showed that:1) The LTE indicators of branches from 112 pear germplasm resources were significantly correlated and showed obvious differences. The average initial freezing temperature and average final freezing temperature of rootstocks and P. ussuriensis were the lowest, while those of P. communis were the highest. 2)There were differences in the temperature ranges of key injury degrees (LT20, LT50, LT100) among different types of pear germplasm branches, and the temperature ranges where the three key injury degrees occurred in rootstocks and P. ussuriensis were significantly lower than those in P. communis. 3) Cluster analysis based on membership functions categorized the germplasm into five groups, including 2 extremely cold-hardy gerplasm resources,17 highly cold-hardy gerplasm resources, 19 moderately cold-hardy gerplasm resources,46 low cold-hardy gerplasm resources, and 28 cold-sensitive gerplasm. Additionally, P. betulifolia (Hebei), ‘Hanxiang’, ‘Nanguo’, ‘Xiaohuagai’, ‘Hanlu’, ‘Hansu’, and ‘Zaosu’ were screened as superior cold-resistant pear germplasms. In conclusion, this study provided technical support and theoretical basis for cold-hardy pear breeding and cold resistance mechanism analysis.
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