To investigate the decision-making mechanism of farmers’ crop-livestock integration(CLI) behaviors and enhance their motivation of CLI, based on field surveys of 316 pig farmers in Shaanxi Province, this study employs a Triple-Hurdle model to empirically examine the factors influencing farmers’ adoption decisions regarding CLI and evaluates the income effects of this model. The results show that: 1) 90.5% of farmers are willing to adopt CLI, but the actual adoption rate are 40.8%, with an average integration degree of 0.236. 2) Farmers’ CLI adoption decisions are jointly influenced by economic expectations and environmental regulations. Economic expectations significantly promote adoption decisions, but the interaction effects between different types of environmental regulations and economic expectations on adoption decisions vary. 3) The CLI model has a significant effect on increasing the income of pig farmers. Counterfactual analysis shows that for farmers who actually adopted CLI, assuming they do not adopt it, their average income would decrease by 4.5%. Conversely, their average income would increase by 6.8%. This study provides theoretical underpinnings for overcoming the dilemma of farmer adoption of CLI and optimizing policies for agricultural green development.
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