To comprehensively assess the impact of wind power facility construction on the surrounding environment and propose optimization solutions for future upgrades and retrofits, this study investigates the landscape visual impact of wind farms, taking the Beijing Guanting Wind Farm as the study area. Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process, the landscape visual impact evaluation system was constructed using indicators such as landscape visual sensitivity and landscape visual magnitude. Relevant data were obtained through open data platforms, remote sensing and geographic information systems, expert evaluation method, and Delphi method. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted at both global and local scales. The results showed that: 1) Compared to irregular wind farms layout, regular wind farms layout has a lower degree of landscape visual impact, and the closer they are to the wind farms, the more significant the visual impact they receive. 2) Within the 5 km buffer zone of Guanting Wind Farm, the landscape visual impact is relatively high, with the frontal direction of the wind farm Enclosure Rectangle being the key affected area. 3) Wind turbines have a significant impact on the water, village and road landscape of the key areas of the Guanting Wind Farm. Compared with the land, the visual impact of the wind turbines on the water bodies is more obvious, and the visual impact on roads passing parallel to the wind farm is more significant than those passing vertically. 4) The landscape of Guanting Wind Farm can be improved and optimized from multiple aspects, including building ecological networks of water bodies and wetlands, optimizing networks of farmlands and forests, connecting road landscapes, and reconstructing waterfront landscapes, to reduce the impact of Guanting Wind Farm on the surrounding environment. This study can provide a reference for the scientific assessment and optimization practices of landscape visual impacts in wind farms.
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