This study aimed to clarify the impact of farmers’ digital literacy on their implementation of organic fertilizer adoption behavior, promote the popularization of organic fertilizer and accelerate the realization of green transformation of agriculture. Based on 823 rice farmers’ research data in Sichuan Province, the Probit and IV-Probit models were selected for empirical analysis and the Bootstrap method was used to verify the feasible ability of the mediating effect. The study found that: 1) The improvement of digital literacy helps to promote the implementation of organic fertilizer adoption behavior of farmers; 2) Digital literacy can promote the implementation of organic fertilizer adoption behavior of farmers by improving their financing ability, technology application ability and market docking ability; 3) The promotion effect of digital literacy on the implementation of organic fertilizer adoption behavior of farmers with developed local agricultural market and no part-time business is particularly significant. Therefore, the gradual improvement of rural digital financial development model, the construction of digital agricultural technology support system, and the cultivation of green agricultural products market ecology can effectively promote the implementation of organic fertilizer adoption behavior by farmers and promote the green transformation of agriculture.
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