This study aimed to elucidate the role and mechanisms by which optimized water-saving drinking bowls reduce wastewater and fecal contamination and improve pen cleanliness in large-scale pig farming.48 finishing pigs weighing (81.82 ± 7.72) kg were selected to conduct comparative trials between conventional and modified water-saving drinking bowls and shelter pens. The results showed that: 1) The transformation of the water-saving drinking bowls had no significant effect on the production performance, water intake, or drinking behavior of finishing pigs (P>0.05). 2) Compared to traditional Group Ⅰ, modified Group Ⅰ reduced water consumption and water waste by 12.67% and 69.52%, respectively. 3) The fecal deposition rates on traditional Group Ⅱ and modified Group Ⅱ cement floors were 19.01% and 11.08%, respectively. Compared to traditional Group Ⅱ pens, modified Group Ⅱ reduced fecal deposition on cement floors by 41.71% and ammonia (NH₃) emissions by 33.52%. In summary, by using water-saving drinking bowls and avoidance barriers, the source reduction of wastewater, feces, and NH₃ can be achieved, and the synergistic reduction of mitigating manure and harmful gas pollution in pig farming can be achieved.
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