2019—2023年高考数学跨学科试题的内容分析

A content analysis of mathematics interdisciplinary test questions in the college entrance examination from 2019 to 2023

摘要

对高考数学跨学科试题内容的分析,有助于准确把握试题考查特点.选取2019—2023年42套高考数学试卷的跨学科试题作为研究对象,采用定量与定性分析方法,从学科来源、题型分布、呈现方式、设置目的、知识领域、素养目标6个维度对试题内容进行分析.结果表明:在学科来源上,5大类学科均有涉及,但主要集中在人文与社会科学类和工程与技术科学类;在题型分布上,主要以选择题和解答题的形式出现;在呈现方式上,多以纯文字的方式呈现,以文字+表格+图片方式呈现的试题占比最低;在设置目的上,以点缀呈现型和情境应用型为主;在知识领域上,5个知识领域的考查分布不均衡;在素养目标上,考查数学运算和逻辑推理的试题比例较高.基于此,提出拓宽跨学科内容的广度和深度、注重跨学科内容的课堂渗透、完善跨学科试题的呈现方式、夯实数学学科基础知识、均衡跨学科试题分布的知识领域、全面考查数学核心素养等建议,为高考数学跨学科试题的命制和一线教师的教学提供理论参考.

Abstract

The analysis of the contents of mathematics interdisciplinary test questions in college entrance examination is helpful to grasp the features of examination questions accurately. The interdisciplinary test questions of forty-two sets of college entrance examination mathematics papers from 2019 to 2023 were selected as the research object, and quantitative and qualitative analysis methods were adopted to analyze the contents of the test questions from six dimensions including discipline source, question type distribution, presentation mode, setting purpose, knowledge domain and literacy goal. The results indicate that in terms of discipline source, five categories of disciplines are all involved, but mainly in humanities and social sciences, as well as engineering and technical sciences. In terms of distribution of question types, it mainly appears in the form of multiple-choice questions and problem-solving questions. In terms of presentation mode, test questions are mostly presented in the form of pure "text", and the proportion of examination questions presented in the form of "text+table+picture" is the lowest. In terms of setting purposes, it is mainly focused on the decorative presentation type and situational application type. In the field of knowledge, the examination distribution in five knowledge fields is unbalanced. In terms of literacy goals, the proportion of examination questions of the mathematical operations and logical reasoning is higher. Based on this, some suggestions are proposed to broaden the breadth and depth of interdisciplinary content, focus on class infiltration of interdisciplinary content, improve the presentation mode of interdisciplinary test questions, consolidate the basic knowledge of mathematics, balance the knowledge field of the distribution of interdisciplinary questions, and comprehensively examine the core literacy of mathematics. These suggestions provide theoretical reference for the proposition of mathematics interdisciplinary test questions in college entrance examination and for the teaching of front-line teachers.

关键词

跨学科 / 高考 / 数学试卷 / 试题研究 / 内容分析

Key words

interdisciplinary / college entrance examination / mathematics examination papers / study on examination questions / content analysis

参考文献

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