植物-化肥-微生物复合修复对典型草原露天煤矿排土场植被恢复的影响

Effects of plant-fertilizer-microbial composite remediation on vegetation restoration in typical grassland open-pit coal mine dumps

摘要

为探究化肥与微生物复合修复对排土场植被恢复的影响,以白音华一号矿矿外草原和裸排土场为参照,比较分析了不同植被恢复试验的植物组成特征、土壤性质,并分析其间相关性.研究区内共鉴别出11科22属24种植物,禾本科植物占主导地位.天然草原、裸排土场及人工恢复区的植物组成及重要值存在差异.植物-化肥-微生物复合修复提升退化草地恢复效果如下:植物多样性超天然草原59%,土壤有机质与总磷分别恢复至天然水平的85%和75%,多年生植物重要值达天然草原的76%.相比之下,自然恢复区被先锋杂草主导,土壤有机质流失98%.研究证实,土壤磷-有机质协同作用是生态恢复的关键驱动因子,而单一施肥虽促进植物生长,却加剧土壤盐碱化并降低多样性.研究结果为典型草原矿区生态修复提供了理论支撑.

Abstract

In order to explore the effects of the composite remediation of fertilizers and microorganisms on the vegetation restoration in dump sites, taking the grassland outside Baiyinhua No.1 Mine and the bare dump site as the reference, the plant composition characteristics and soil properties of different vegetation restoration tests as well as the correlations between them were compared and analyzed. A total of 24 plant species belonging to 22 genera and 11 families were identified in the study area, and gramineous plants were dominant. There were differences in the plant composition and important values in the natural grassland, the bare dump site and the artificial restoration area. The plant-fertilizer-microbial composite remediation improved the restoration effect of degraded grassland: plant diversity was 59% higher than that of the natural grassland, soil organic matter and total phosphorus were restored up to 85% and 75% of the natural levels respectively, and the important value of perennial plants reached 76% of that of the natural grassland. In contrast, the natural restoration area was dominated by pioneer weeds, and 98% of the soil organic matter was lost. The study confirmed that the synergistic interaction between soil phosphorus and organic matter is the key driving factor of ecological restoration. Furthermore, although single fertilization promotes the plants growth, it exacerbates soil salinization and reduces biodiversity. This research results provide theoretical support for the ecological restoration of typical grassland mining areas.

关键词

排土场 / 植被恢复 / 植物多样性 / 土壤理化因子

Key words

dump / vegetation restoration / plant diversity / soil physicochemical factors

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