基于BIM5D的房建工程施工造价多因素控制研究

Research on multi-factor control of construction cost in building engineering based on BIM5D

摘要

施工阶段作为房屋建筑工程成本投入最集中、资源消耗最大的阶段,其造价控制成效直接影响项目的整体经济效益.以鞍山新港国际广场项目为例,针对当前施工阶段造价控制中存在的问题,综合采用德尔菲法和问卷调查法,系统识别影响施工阶段造价的核心因素,并依据单项工程、单位工程和分部分项工程的划分原则,重新构建BIM模型在不同层级上的应用路径与成本优化效果评估体系.研究表明,施工材料与设备、施工人员、市场及相关政策、施工工期和施工质量5个因素对造价影响显著.通过将BIM5D技术深度融入前期估算、合同管理、精细化施工与动态监控等环节,提出一系列针对性的成本控制措施.最终,借助BIM5D平台实现全过程协同管理,使工程总体造价降低约15.70%.其中,建筑工程造价下降16.19%,装饰工程优化比例为12.46%,安装工程节约16.71%,验证了BIM5D在多层级造价控制中的有效性.研究成果可为同类项目的精细化成本管理提供理论支持与实践参考.

Abstract

As the stage with the most concentrated cost investment and highest resource consumption in building projects, the cost control effectiveness of the construction phase directly impacts the overall economic benefits of the project. Taking Anshan New Port International Plaza project as an example, this study addressed current issues in construction-phase cost control by comprehensively employing the Delphi method and questionnaire surveys to systematically identify core factors affecting construction costs. Based on the classification principles of individual projects, unit projects and divisional works, it reconstructed the application pathways of BIM models in different levels and a cost optimization effectiveness evaluation system. Research indicated that five factors including construction materials and equipment, construction personnel, market conditions and relevant policies, construction duration, and construction quality significantly affect costs. By deeply integrating BIM5D technology into preliminary estimation, contract management, refined construction and dynamic monitoring, a series of targeted cost control measures were proposed. Ultimately, leveraging the BIM5D platform enables whole process collaborative management, reducing total project costs by approximately 15.70%. Specifically, architectural engineering costs decreased by 16.19%, decorative engineering optimization achieved 12.46%, and installation engineering savings reached 16.71%, which validates the effectiveness of BIM5D in multi-level cost control. The research outcomes provide theoretical support and practical reference for refined cost management in similar projects.

关键词

房建工程 / BIM模型 / 施工阶段 / 造价控制 / 德尔菲法 / 分部分项工程

Key words

housing engineering / BIM model / construction phase / cost control / Delphi method / sub-divisional work

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