Objective This study investigates the variation patterns of runoff in glacier-fed inland rivers and their underlying mechanisms under climate warming, aiming to support water security in arid regions of Northwest China. Methods The Keriya River on the northern foot of the Kunlun Mountains was selected as the study object. Based on hydrological and meteorological data from 1961 to 2019, this study systematically assessed runoff variation characteristics and the driving mechanisms of climate change using the Mann-Kendall trend test, Pettitt method for abrupt change detection, wavelet period analysis, and partial correlation analysis. Hydrological regime changes before and after 2016 were compared from the perspective of reservoir construction. Results 1) Runoff of the Keriya River showed a highly significant increasing trend (p<0.001), jointly regulated by dominant cycles of 28, 18, and 6 years, with no detectable abrupt structural change. 2) The climate in the basin exhibited asymmetric warming characteristics, with the warming rate of minimum temperature (0.055 ℃/year) being 2.2 times that of maximum temperature (0.025 ℃/year), and precipitation increased following a stable 23-year cycle. 3) Runoff variation followed a "temperature-dominated, precipitation-assisted, lagged response" pattern, with minimum temperature as the core driving factor and showing a 1-year lag effect. 4) After a reservoir was constructed, a preliminary peak-shaving and valley-filling regulatory effect was observed, with the runoff coefficient of variation decreasing by 48.91%. The increase in runoff during the non-flood season was significantly greater than in the flood season. Conclusion Runoff increase of the Keriya River is primarily dominated by snow and glacier melt induced by nighttime warming, and the basin is currently in a gain period of glacial meltwater. Reservoir operation has already produced a peak-shaving and valley-filling regulatory effect on natural hydrological processes, but it has not altered the long-term increasing trend driven by climate. The findings provide a scientific basis for water resources management in alpine inland river basins under climate change.
式中:为成本函数(如负对数似然);为第i个变点的位置;为惩罚系数,用于控制变点数量,防止过拟合。研究采用PELT(pruned exact linear time)算法进行高效求解。该算法在满足可加性的条件下,通过剪枝策略显著提高计算效率,能够探测多个变点并自动权衡模型复杂度和拟合效果。与仅能识别单一突变的Pettitt检验相比,PELT算法还可提供变点位置的后验概率与置信区间,并对变点前后的均值、方差等参数进行整体估计。
研究基于克里雅河流域长期观测,揭示高寒内陆区水文对气候变化的复合响应机制。与乌鲁木齐河等[27]已进入衰减阶段的流域不同,研究流域因更高的冰川积雪覆盖率,仍处于气候变暖驱动的径流“增益期”。此差异表明,在全球变暖背景下,不同冰川补给与气候背景的内陆河流域,其水文演变阶段与轨迹可能出现显著分异。冰川规模大、气候更干旱的流域,“增益期”可能维持更久,但也预示着未来拐点后的衰退或更为剧烈。径流变化受多时间尺度气候振荡的嵌套调制,小波分析识别出28 a、18 a与6 a 3类主周期,与祁连山部分流域常见周期存在差异,可能反映西风环流与昆仑山北坡地形相互作用的区域特异性[28]。
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