GIS应用前的区域土壤侵蚀调查与制图研究进展
杨勤科 , 李锐 , 王雷 , 庞国伟 , 王春梅 , 龙永清 , 袁笑甜
水土保持学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (04) : 1 -8.
GIS应用前的区域土壤侵蚀调查与制图研究进展
Review of Regional Soil Erosion Survey and Mapping before GIS Application
目的 为系统梳理遥感和GIS广泛应用前国家和全球尺度土壤侵蚀制图的历史,明晰其科学成就与历史贡献,挖掘其对当今数字土壤侵蚀制图的现实指导意义,推动领域发展,特开展本研究。 方法 系统收集并分析20世纪20年代中期至90年代末国内外典型土壤侵蚀图及相关文献。梳理历史发展脉络与技术方法,评述其科学成就与历史价值,凝练对数字土壤侵蚀制图的有益启示。 结果 该时期已在国家、大地理单元和全球尺度系统开展土壤侵蚀制图,代表性成果包括美国、苏联、中国等国家土壤侵蚀图,黄土高原等强烈侵蚀区的土壤侵蚀图,以及全球土壤侵蚀图。图件主要基于土壤剖面被侵蚀损毁程度,或以河流输沙模数为替代指标进行侵蚀强度评价,通过手工制图方法实现对土壤侵蚀的空间表达。 结论 上述历时近80年全球范围内的区域土壤侵蚀制图,取得系统性奠基成果。科学理论上,构建侵蚀分类系统与本体框架,提供历史本底数据,确立经典范式。实践应用上,推动多国水土保持立法与机构建设,奠定全球监测网络基础。其科学思想与历史数据对当今数字土壤侵蚀制图有四点启示:应以侵蚀专题为核心,融合经典制图理论,深度挖掘历史数据,构建数字时代土壤侵蚀制图新范式。
Objective This study aims to systematically review the history of soil erosion mapping at the national and global scales prior to the widespread application of remote sensing and GIS, clarify its scientific achievements and historical contributions, explore its practical implications for contemporary digital soil erosion mapping, and promote further advancement in this field. Methods Classic maps and related literature from the mid-1920s to the late 1990s, both in China and worldwide, were systematically collected and analyzed. By examining the historical development trajectory and technical methods employed, this study assesses their scientific achievements and historical value, providing key insights for modern digital soil erosion mapping. Results Soil erosion mapping at national, major geographical unit, and global scales was systematically conducted during this period. Representative outputs include soil erosion maps of the United States, the former Soviet Union, and China, soil erosion maps of severely eroded regions such as the Loess Plateau, and the global soil erosion map. These maps were primarily compiled based on the degree of damage observed in soil profiles or used river sediment transport rate as a proxy indicator to evaluate erosion intensity, and spatial representation of soil erosion was achieved through manual cartographic methods. Conclusions The nearly 80 years of regional soil erosion mapping worldwide have achieved systematic foundational outcomes. Theoretically, it established soil erosion classification systems and an ontological framework, provided historical baseline data, and formed classic paradigms. Practically, it promoted soil and water conservation legislation and the establishment of soil conservation institutions in multiple countries, laying the foundation for global monitoring networks. Its scientific concepts and legacy data provide four insights for contemporary digital mapping, including focusing on erosion-specific themes, integrating classical cartographic theories, deeply utilizing historical data, and constructing a new paradigm of soil erosion mapping in the digital era.
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国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1300800)
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