钙镁复合处理对AH36船板钢中夹杂物改性效果的影响

Effect of Calcium-magnesium Composite Treatment on the Modification Effect of Inclusions in AH36 Ship Plate Steel

摘要

针对单独钙处理或镁处理易导致水口堵塞及钢材性能下降的问题，本文提出钙镁复合处理方案。首先，采用 FactSage 热力学软件在 1 873 K 下分析不同钙镁比例复合处理对钢液中夹杂物演变规律的影响。然后，利用真空感应炉进行高温熔炼实验，在熔炼过程中同时加入硅钙合金与镍镁合金 (总加入量固定，质量分数配比分别为 80%Ca+20%Mg、50%Ca+50%Mg 和 20%Ca+80%Mg)，并分别于加入后 1，3，5，10 min 取过程样，采用扫描电镜分析夹杂物的形貌与成分，探讨钙镁复合处理对夹杂物改性行为及微观结构的影响。结果表明：采用 80%Ca+20%Mg 复合处理时，夹杂物液相区面积最大；随着镁合金比例增加，液相区面积逐渐减小。3 种比例下，夹杂物成分随时间的变化路径基本一致，最终均形成中心为镁铝尖晶石、外部为铝酸钙的分层结构。增加镁合金比例可提高夹杂物的数密度并减小其尺寸。当采用 20%Ca+80%Mg 处理时，加入合金 1 min 后夹杂物数密度达 272 个/mm²，加入 10 min 后夹杂物平均尺寸最小，为 1.2 μm。镁合金加入后形成的镁铝尖晶石作为形核质点，有助于夹杂物细小弥散分布；而钙处理可将部分夹杂物改性进入液相区，从而减少水口堵塞。本研究可为提升船板钢综合性能提供理论依据与技术参考。

Abstract

To address issues such as nozzle clogging and steel performance degradation caused by individual calcium or magnesium treatment, this study proposes a combined calcium-magnesium treatment method. First, the FactSage thermodynamic software was used to analyze the effects of different calcium-magnesium ratio combinations on the evolution of inclusions in molten steel at 1 873 K. Subsequently, high-temperature smelting experiments were conducted using a vacuum induction furnace, during which Si–Ca alloy and Ni–Mg alloy were simultaneously added (the total amount was fixed, and the mass fraction ratios were 80%Ca+20%Mg, 50%Ca+50%Mg, and 20%Ca+80%Mg, respectively). Process samples were taken at 1, 3, 5, and 10 min after the addition, and the morphology and composition of inclusions were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to investigate the effect of calcium-magnesium composite treatment on the modification behavior and microstructure of inclusions. The results show that the inclusion liquid area is the largest in the 80%Ca+20%Mg composite treatment. With an increasing proportion of magnesium alloy, the inclusion liquid area gradually decreases. The evolution path of inclusion composition with time is basically the same for the three proportions, and finally forms a layered structure with magnesium-aluminum spinel in the center and calcium aluminate on the outside. Increasing the amount of magnesium alloy in the composite treatment helps to increase the number density of inclusions and reduce their size. For example, in the 20%Ca+80%Mg experiment, the number density of inclusions reaches 272 N/mm² at 1 min after addition, the average inclusion size is the smallest at 10 min, which is 1.2 μm. The magnesium-aluminum spinel that forms after the addition of magnesium alloy serves as nucleation particles, which facilitates a fine and dispersed distribution of inclusions, while calcium treatment modifies some inclusions into the liquid phase zone, thereby helping to reduce nozzle clogging. This study can provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for improving the comprehensive performance of ship plate steel.

关键词

AH36 船板钢 / 钙镁复合处理 / 热力学计算 / 夹杂物 / 改性 / 洁净钢 / FactSage

Key words

AH36 ship plate steel / calcium-magnesium composite treatment / thermodynamic calculation / inclusion / modification / clean steel / FactSage

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基金资助

海洋装备用金属材料及其应用国家重点实验室开发课题基金项目(SKLME−K202202)

安徽省研究生名师工作室(2024yjsmsgzs020)