1.College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China
2.Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Ministry of Education,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China
3.Hubei Xingfa Chemicals Group Co. ,Ltd. ,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China
The sunlight-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production is an important way to solve energy shortage and environmental pollution. In this work, natural red clay (R-Clay), a widely available and cheap mineral, was selected as a precursor and applied in photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light (λ≥420 nm) after thermal modification at 400 oC under N2 atmosphere (labelled as R-Clay400). The results showed that after thermal treatment, the structure and morphology of R-Clay were modified with an increase in specific surface area, a significant decrease in surface hydroxyl groups (—OH) accompanied by an increase in oxygen vacancies and a decrease in bandgap energy, while its hydrogen production activity was significantly increased. The hydrogen production efficiency of R-Clay400 (28.634 μmol·g-1·h-1) was 2.27 times that of R-Clay (12.620 μmol·g-1·h-1). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the relative content of oxygen vacancies in R-Clay increased by 13.2% after thermal modification. The results of fluorescence spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the electron-hole recombination rate and interface charge resistance of R-Clay400 were lower than those of R-Clay, resulting in a higher photocatalytic activity towards hydrogen production under visible light irradiation.
为了进一步验证热改性对R-Clay氧空位的影响,采用XPS O 1s表征R-Clay改性前后表面的氧空位。图6(a)显示,R-Clay的XPS O 1s谱中出现了结合能为530.5、531.8、532.6 eV的峰,分别归属于晶格氧(OL)、氧空位(OV)和表面吸附氧(OA)[27],其中OV的相对含量为34.9%。从图6(b)看出,改性后的R-Clay400样品中,氧空位的相对含量为48.1%,较R-Clay增加了13.2%。这与TEM结果有很好的一致性,进一步证实热改性可产生更多的氧空位。
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