贝莱斯芽孢杆菌HN-Q-8与化学药剂协同防治马铃薯黑痣病

Bacillus velezensis HN-Q-8 Combined with Chemical Agents for the Synergistic Control of Potato Black Scurf

摘要

马铃薯黑痣病是由立枯丝核菌引起的一种土传病害。利用生防菌剂和化学药剂复配防治植物病害，可降低农药残留量、实现高效控制病害。本研究测定了贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）HN-Q-8与4种化学药剂25%宁南霉素·嘧菌酯、45%噻呋·嘧菌酯、30%宁南霉素·戊唑醇和25%嘧菌酯协同防治马铃薯黑痣病效果。25%宁南霉素·嘧菌酯、45%噻呋·嘧菌酯与HN-Q-8相容性较好，当45%噻呋·嘧菌酯与HN-Q-8以1∶9和2∶8体积比复配，25%宁南霉素·嘧菌酯与HN-Q-8以7∶3体积比复配时，复配增效明显，对黑痣病的抑制作用的增效比率（IR）值分别为1.31、1.13、1.12；进一步通过促生效果评价，发现25%宁南霉素·嘧菌酯与HN-Q-8以7∶3体积比复配时能有效促进HN-Q-8在土壤中定殖，促生效果最佳，株高、茎围和根长的增长率较清水对照增加53.62%、21.60%和27.27%。在此基础上，设置了5种25%宁南霉素·嘧菌酯与菌株HN-Q-8复配剂的田间防控方案，防控方案一为25%宁南霉素·嘧菌酯与HN-Q-8体积比为7∶3，播种前沟施1次，对黑痣病的防效达91.67%，综合考虑防控成本等因素，该方案可作为最佳田间防控方案。因此，化学药剂与生防菌协同使用可有效防治马铃薯黑痣病，促进马铃薯产业绿色发展。

Abstract

Potato black scurf, a soil-borne disease, is caused by R. solani. The combined use of biocontrol agents and chemical fungicides for plant disease control can reduce pesticide residues while achieving efficient disease control. This study investigated the synergistic effect of B. velezensis HN-Q-8 and four chemical fungicides (25% Ningnanmycin·azoxystrobin, 45% Thifluzamide·azoxystrobin, 30% Ningnanmycin·tebuconazole, and 25% azoxystrobin) against potato black scurf. 25% Ningnanmycin·azoxystrobin and 45% Thifluzamide·azoxystrobin exhibited good compatibility with HN-Q-8. The significant synergistic effects on the inhibition of black scurf were observed when 45% Thifluzamide·azoxystrobin was combined with HN-Q-8 at volume ratios of 1∶9 and 2∶8, and when 25% Ningnanmycin·azoxystrobin was combined with HN-Q-8 at a volume ratio of 7∶3. The corresponding synergistic ratios (IR) for disease inhibition were 1.31, 1.13, and 1.12, respectively. Furthermore, through evaluation of growth-promoting effects, it was found that the combination of 25% Ningnanmycin·azoxystrobin and HN-Q-8 at a 7∶3 volume ratio effectively promoted the colonization of HN-Q-8 in the soil and exhibited the best growth-promoting effect, with increases in plant height, stem girth, and root length of 53.62%, 21.60%, and 27.27%, respectively, compared with the water control group. Based on these results, five field control schemes were designed using a mixture of 25% Ningnanmycin·zoxystrobin and strain HN-Q-8. In scheme 1, the 25% Ningnanmycin·zoxystrobin to HN-Q-8 volume ratio was 7∶3, and applied once in the furrow before sowing, achieved a control efficacy of 91.67%. When considering factors such as overall cost, this scheme is recommended as the optimal field control strategy. Therefore, the synergistic application of chemical fungicides and biocontrol bacteria could effectively control potato black scurf and facilitate the sustainable development of the potato industry.

关键词

马铃薯黑痣病 / 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 / 协同增效 / 促生作用 / 菌药复配

Key words

potato black scurf / Bacillus velezensis / synergistic effect / growth-promoting effect / chemical-biological compound formulation

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基金资助

河北省薯类产业技术体系创新团队专项基金资助(HBCT2023060205)