环境行政公益诉讼的起诉条件与诉讼程序——基于最高检典型案例之分析

The Filing Requirements and Litigation Procedures of Environmental Administrative Public Interest Litigation by Procuratorate——Taking the Supreme Prosecutor's Typical Case as an Example

摘要

环境行政公益诉讼具有诸多“溢出”普通行政诉讼的特征，其在起诉条件、诉前程序及诉讼时效等方面的规则适用，不宜直接参照普通行政诉讼制度规范。鉴于环境行政公益诉讼之矫正行政手段与公益保护目的，需将行为标准、结果标准与实质性合法审查相结合，从履职标准与履职期限两个层面完善诉讼启动条件；将诉前检察建议的功能定位为行为矫正，细化诉前调查取证规则与诉前沟通协商规则；将起诉期限设定为五年，对起诉期限的起算点区分一般情况与特殊情况，明确最长诉讼期间为二十年。

Abstract

In view of the fact that environmental administrative public interest litigation has many special traits which overflowing the structure of general administrative litigation, there is a distinct difference of the rules on prosecution conditions, pre-litigation procedures and the statute of limitations between them. Therefore, it is not appropriate to comply the norms of ordinary administrative litigation systems with the public interests' ones. Based on the means of corrective administration and the purpose of public interests' protection, it is necessary to combine the standards of conduct, results and substantive lawfulness, which the same as to improve the conditions for initiating litigation from two aspects of performance standards and performance duration. In addition, it is essential to recognize the corrective function of pre-litigation procuratorial recommendations, and refining the rules of pre-litigation procuratorial evidence collection and communication or negotiation rules. Meanwhile, the starting point of the lawsuit period should be distinguished into general and special circumstances, and the lawsuit period is set to three years, while the maximum period of lawsuit is 20 years.

关键词

环境行政公益诉讼 / 启动条件 / 诉前检察建议 / 起诉期限

Key words

environmental administrative public welfare litigation / initiation conditions / pre-litigation prosecutorial advice / prosecution period

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