践行“如我在诉”:回应性司法的法理建构
Practicing "As If I Was in Litigation": The Legal Construction of Responsive Justice
“如我在诉”是最高人民法院引领新时代司法改革的核心理念,倡导法官应当具备同理心和共情能力,积极适用司法裁量和价值判断,在司法裁判中充分回应当事人诉求和普遍性社会问题。践行“如我在诉”理念,法官需转变既往裁判模式,迈向回应性司法。回应性司法恪守司法的被动性、个案性和中立性,在克制与能动之间寻求平衡,以个案裁判为主要手段,兼用指导性案例、典型案例、司法建议和司法解释等途径,直接回应当事人诉求,间接回应普遍性社会问题、民众关切和公共道德。人民法院在构建回应性司法过程中,应注意其内在限度,尤其不能超越依法裁判的框架性约束。具体而言,应坚持依据限度、方法限度和功能限度:恪守法律拘束,保持裁判依据的封闭和裁判理由的适度开放;将涵摄模式作为法律推理的主图式,在副图式中展开司法裁量和实质权衡;谨慎运用调解手段和诉源治理,以司法裁判作为法院参与社会治理的主要途径。
"As if I was in litigation" is a pivotal concept of the Supreme People's Court leading the new era of judicial reform, advocating that judges should have empathy, to actively exercise discretion and make value judgment, fully respond to the demands of the parties in action and universal social issues in judicial judgments, and move towards a new era of "responsive justice". Responsive justice adheres to the passivity, individualization, and neutrality of the judiciary, seeking a balance between restraint and activism. It mainly uses case judgments as the main means, and also uses guiding cases, typical cases, judicial suggestions, and judicial interpretations to directly respond to the demands of the parties in cation and indirectly respond to universal social issues, public concerns, and public morality. To build a responsive justice, attention should also be paid to its inherent limitations, especially not to exceed the framework constraints of adjudication according to law. This is concretized into three sub-propositions: adhering to legal constraints, maintaining the closure of the judgment basis, and moderately opening the judgment reasons; using the inclusive mode as the main schema of legal reasoning, and conducting judicial discretion and substantive balancing in the auxiliary schema; be cautious in using mediation methods and litigation source governance, and use "judgment" as the main way for the court to participate in social governance.
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国家社会科学基金重大项目“应对新一轮科技革命的法治体系完善与基本法理研究”(24&ZD134)
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