上海市闵行区儿童就诊选择及其影响因素的横断面调查
何梦如 , 成玉萍 , 王墩家 , 周毅彬 , 刘小华
复旦学报(医学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (02) : 266 -274.
上海市闵行区儿童就诊选择及其影响因素的横断面调查
A cross-sectional investigation on the selection and influencing factors of community pediatric outpatient visits in Minhang District, Shanghai
目的 探究儿童就诊模式及影响因素,为合理配置儿童医疗资源、优化基层医疗服务建设和提高儿童社区医院就诊意愿提供科学依据。 方法 于2024年9—10月,选取上海市闵行区3~14岁儿童为研究对象,对其父母开展线上问卷调查。问卷内容包括儿童及家庭基本情况、就医行为情况、社区医院就诊体验等,最终纳入有效问卷5 384份。采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法比较组间差异。采用二元Logistic回归分析探究儿童就诊选择的影响因素。 结果 被调查儿童中近一年内前往社区医院就诊次数不少于二三级医院就诊次数者占31.45%。6岁及以上(OR=1.171,95%CI:1.023~1.314)、3个子女(OR=1.711,95%CI:1.211~2.417)、离二三级医院距离越远(OR=1.046,95%CI:1.016~1.076)的受调查对象更倾向于去社区医院就诊。无家庭签约医生(OR=0.748,95%CI:0.652~0.858)的受调查对象更倾向于去二三级医院就诊。家长文化程度和家庭总月收入也是儿童就诊选择的影响因素。被调查对象社区医院就诊满意率为48.22%,非常满意率为25.22%。就诊主观考虑因素前3位为药品不齐全(28.96%)、缺乏设备(22.45%)和医生技术水平较低(16.72%)。 结论 儿童就诊选择受多种因素影响,是趋近就医和趋高就医综合作用的结果。家庭医生签约服务、医疗机构地理可及性、儿童年龄、家长对社区儿科门诊认同度等是影响儿童就诊选择的主要因素。
Objective To explore children’s medical treatment mode and its influencing factors, and provide a theoretical basis for the rational allocation of children’s medical resources, the optimization of grassroots medical services construction and the improvement of children’s willingness to visit community hospitals. Methods Online survey was conducted during Sept to Oct in 2024, using the questionnaire including basic information of the child and family, medical-care-seeking behavior, and impression of community hospitals. Children aged 3-14 years old in Minhang District were recruited as research subjects. In order to collect appropriate information, the questionnaire was completed by one of their parents. A total of 5 384 valid questionnaires were analyzed. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact probability method was utilized to compare the differences between groups, while binary Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore influencing factors of choice on healthcare services among the surveyed children. Results Totally, 31.45% of the surveyed children went to community hospitals for medical care as often as or more often than they went to second-tier and third-tier hospitals in the last year. Surveyed individuals with three kids in their household (OR=1.711, 95%CI:1.211-2.417), kids aged 6 years old and older (OR=1.171, 95%CI: 1.023-1.314), and those who live further away from second-tier and third-tier hospitals (OR=1.046, 95%CI: 1.016-1.076) were more inclined to visit community hospitals, while those without family contracted doctors (OR=0.748, 95%CI:0.652-0.858) were more inclined to visit second-tier and third-tier hospitals. In addition, guardians’ educational level and family monthly income were also influencing factors for children’s medical treatment choices. About 48.22% of the respondents were satisfied with their community healthcare experiences, and 25.22% were highly satisfied. Limited selections of medications (28.96%), lack of equipment (22.45%), and low technical proficiency of doctors (16.72%) were the top three subjective criteria considered during visits. Conclusion In general, children’s choice on healthcare services is influenced by multiple factors, and is the result of combined effects of seeking treatment at higher-level and nearby hospitals. Family doctor contract services, geographical accessibility of medical institutions, age of children and parents’ recognition of community pediatric outpatient service are the key variables affecting children’s medical treatment choices.
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