涂层技术在番茄保鲜中的研究与应用

Research and application of coating technologies for tomato preservation

摘要

番茄营养丰富、美味多汁，广受消费者喜爱，但番茄在采摘后，由于其果实特点，加之代谢活动旺盛，在贮藏和流通过程中极易受到微生物侵染、机械损伤以及环境因素的影响，导致果实腐烂变质、品质下降，造成巨大的经济损失。因此，很有必要开发出一种高效、安全、绿色的番茄贮藏保鲜技术对采后番茄进行及时的保鲜处理。随着近年来对食品安全和环境保护的关注度日益加强，人们越来越倾向于选用更安全的生物保鲜技术和涂层保鲜技术用于番茄的采后保鲜。涂层保鲜技术作为一种绿色高效的保鲜方法，通过可食性材料在番茄表面形成薄膜，调控水分流失、呼吸速率及微生物活动，有效保持果实品质。本文系统分析影响番茄保鲜的关键因素，重点综述涂层技术的分类与原理，包括可食性涂层、复配涂层、复合涂层以及功能性涂层（微生物涂层、植物提取物涂层）的研究进展，探讨存在问题与未来趋势，以期为番茄保鲜技术创新提供理论依据。

Abstract

Tomato is nutritious. delicious, and widely favored by consumers. However, after being picked, due to its fruit characteristics and vigorous metabolic activities, tomato is highly susceptible to microbial infection, mechanical damage, and environmental factors during storage and circulation, leading to fruit decay, quanlity deterioration, and substantial economic losses. Therefore, there is urgent need to develop efficient, safe and green preservation technologies for preservation tomato storage. In recent years, with growing public awareness of food safety and environmental protection, green technologies such as biological preservation and coating preservation have attracted increasing attention. Among these, coating preservation technology, which utilizes edible materials to form a protective film on the fruit surface, can effectively regulate moisture loss, respiration rate, and microbial growth, thereby delaying quality deterioration, and presents an environmentally friendly preservation approach. This paper systematically reviews the key factors influencing tomato preservation, with a focus on the classification and mechanisms of coating technologies, including edible coatings, compound coatings, composite coatings, and functional coatings（microbial coating, plant extract coatings）. The existing challenges and future trends are also discussed, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for innovation in tomato preservation technologies.

关键词

番茄 / 涂层保鲜技术 / 可食性涂层 / 微生物涂层 / 植物提取物涂层 / 复合涂层与智能材料

Key words

Tomato / Coating preservation technology / Edible coating / Microbial coating / Plant extract coating / Composite coatings and smart materials

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基金资助

河南省现代农业产业技术体系(HARS-22-07-G7)

2024年度郑州市科技惠民计划(2024KJHM0042)

郑州市劳模和工匠人才创新工作室项目