增施蚯蚓粪配施不同比例化肥对西北设施番茄产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of additional application of earthworm cast combined with different proportions of chemical fertilizers on yield, quality of facility tomato and soil fertility in Northwest China

摘要

为探明增施蚯蚓粪配施不同比例化肥减量对设施番茄土壤肥力、产量及品质的影响，明确适宜配施方案，以普罗旺斯番茄为试材，以常规施肥为对照（CK），设置增施 3 t·667 m^-2 蚯蚓粪配施减施化肥 10%（C1）、20%（C2）、30%（C3）、常规施肥（C4）4 个处理，测定土壤理化性质、微生物群落及番茄生育期、产量、品质等指标。结果表明，与 CK 相比，各处理的土壤有机质含量（除 C4 外）显著提高 2.49%~4.99%，碱解氮含量提高 1.37%~17.53%，有效磷含量显著降低 31.22%~41.34%；C1、C2 处理的真菌数量较 CK 分别显著降低 39.74%和 35.90%，C4 处理的放线菌和细菌数量较 CK 分别显著增加 250.00%和 29.17%；各处理的番茄生长关键物候期无显著差异；在产量方面，C4 处理最高，为 7 106.66 kg·667 m^-2，较 CK 显著提高 3.09%，C2、C3 处理与 CK 无显著差异；各处理的可溶性糖、维生素 C 含量均较 CK 显著提升，其中 C1 处理分别显著提高 0.86 百分点和 69.93%。综上，增施 3 t·667 m^-2 蚯蚓粪并减施 10% 化肥为西北地区设施番茄生产的最优方案，不仅能改良土壤肥力，还能提升产量与果实品质。本研究结果为设施番茄绿色低碳生产提供了理论依据与技术支撑。

Abstract

To explore the effects of increasing the application of earthworm castings combined with reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers in different proportions on soil fertility, yield and quality of facility tomato, and to clarify the appropriate combined application plan, Provence tomato was used as test material, and conventional fertilization was used as the control (CK). Four treatments were set up: Increasing the application of 3 t·667 m^-2 vermicompost combined with reducing the application of chemical fertilizer by 10% (C1), 20% (C2), 30% (C3), and not reducing the application of chemical fertilizer (C4). The physical and chemical properties of the soil, microbial communities, and indicators such as the growth period, yield, and quality of tomato were determined. The results showed that compared with CK, the soil organic matter content (except C4) in each treatment was significantly increased by 2.49% to 4.99%, the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content was increased by 1.37% to 17.53%, and the available phosphorus content was significantly decreased by 31.22% to 41.34%. The number of fungi treated with C1 and C2 were significantly reduced by 39.74% and 35.90%, respectively, compared with CK, while the number of actinomycetes and bacteria treated with C4 were significantly increased by 250.00% and 29.17%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the key phenological periods of tomato growth among the various treatments. In terms of yield, the C4 treatment was the highest, reaching 7 106.66 kg·667 m^-2, which was significantly increased by 3.09% compared with CK. There was no significant difference between the C2, C3 treatments and CK. The content of soluble sugar and vitamin C in each treatment were significantly increased compared with CK. Among them, the content of C1 treatment were significantly increased by 0.86 percentage points and 69.93%, respectively. In conclusion, increasing the application of 3 t·667 m^-2 vermicompost and reducing the application of chemical fertilizer by 10% is the optimal solution for facility tomato production in the northwest region. It can not only improve soil fertility, but also increase yield and fruit quality. The results of this study provide theoretical basis and technical support for the green and low-carbon production of tomato in facility.

关键词

设施番茄 / 蚯蚓粪 / 化肥减量 / 产量 / 品质 / 土壤肥力

Key words

Facility tomato / Earthworm cast / Chemical fertilizer reduction / Yield / Quality / Soil fertility

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基金资助

2024 年宁夏回族自治区青年拔尖人才培养项目