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摘要
为筛选适宜设施小果型西瓜嫁接的优良砧木,以小果型西瓜酥小宝2K-1为接穗,设置16个处理,包括12个待评价砧木嫁接组合、2个当地常用砧木嫁接组合(常规对照),以及未嫁接实生苗(空白对照)和自根嫁接苗(嫁接操作对照)。通过田间试验,系统评价不同砧木对嫁接成活率、植株生长、单瓜质量及果实品质的影响。结果表明,参试砧木均具有较好的嫁接亲和性和嫁接可操作性,其中2K/J2、2K/J4、2K/S7等9份嫁接苗的成活率达100%。嫁接苗田间长势稳健,其中2K/J2、2K/S7、2K/JF的单瓜质量显著高于实生苗,提升幅度为32%~36%。采用隶属函数法综合评价果实内在品质,排名前3的组合为2K/T1、2K/J4、2K/J2,均优于当地常用砧木。综上,适宜设施小西瓜酥小宝2K-1嫁接栽培的优良砧木为J2(京欣砧2号)、J4(京欣砧4号)、T1(野生西瓜TC),可在当地设施小西瓜生产中推广应用。
Abstract
This study aimed to select superior rootstocks for grafting mini-watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) cultivar Suxiaobao 2K-1 under protected cultivation. Field experiments were conducted in spring (March–June) and autumn (July–October) of 2024 in plastic greenhouse at the Watermelon Experiment Station of Northwest A&F University in Pucheng county, Shaanxi province. A total of 16 treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications, including 12 experimental rootstock-scion combinations, two local conventional rootstocks (CK), non-grafted seedlings (blank CK), and self-grafted seedlings (grafting CK). Grafting survival rate, plant growth, single fruit mass, and fruit quality parameters were evaluated. Fruit internal quality was comprehensively assessed using the membership function method. The results showed that all rootstocks exhibited high grafting compatibility with survival rates above 90%, and combinations 2K/J2, 2K/J4, and 2K/S7 reached 100%. The single fruit mass of 2K/J2, 2K/S7, and 2K/JF was significantly higher than that of non-grafted control in both seasons, with an increase of 32%-36%. The top three combinations in terms of fruit quality were 2K/T1, 2K/J4, and 2K/J2, all outperforming local conventional rootstocks. In conclusion, J2 (Jingxinzhen No. 2), J4 (Jingxinzhen No. 4), and T1 (wild watermelon TC) are recommended as excellent rootstocks for grafting Suxiaobao 2K-1 in protected cultivation, supporting local promotion and application.
关键词
Key words
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程诗晓,韦章静,张瑞青,张跃星,武岳,张勇,马建祥,张显,李好.
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中国瓜菜, 2026, 39(8): 45-53 DOI:10.16861/j.cnki.zggc.2026.0050
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基金资助
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2300703)
国家西甜瓜产业技术体系(CARS-25)