河南省大白菜区试品种综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of Chinese cabbage in regional trials in Henan province

摘要

为加快河南省大白菜新品种选育及示范推广，对河南省6个区试点16个品种的农艺性状、抗病性和产量进行比较，并通过相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析进行综合评价。结果表明，11个农艺性状中仅生育期在不同品种间差异不显著，其他性状均有显著差异，球高的变异系数最大，生育期的变异系数最小。田间抗病性评价表明，6个品种对病毒病抗性达到免疫水平，其他品种达高抗水平；16个品种对霜霉病抗性均达到高抗水平，病情指数范围为1.51~6.81；所有参试品种软腐病发病率（0.93%~3.87%）均低于对照品种德高春秋69（6.27%），抗性较强。聚类分析结果表明，在欧氏距离为15时，16个参试品种分为4类，其中第Ⅰ类群包括10个品种，多为口感脆嫩的早熟白菜。主成分分析结果表明，前5个主成分累计贡献率为90.359%，其中第1主成分贡献率42.034%，主要反映了株型指数、霜霉病抗性和产量的相关信息。综合评价结果表明，晋菜三号、新长三号、豫新10号、郑白76和改良青杂三号等5个品种综合得分较高，适宜在河南及同类型气候区域推广种植。本研究结果为大白菜新品种示范推广及指导菜农选择品种提供了数据支撑。

Abstract

To accelerate the breeding, demonstration, and extension of new Chinese cabbage varieties in Henan province, 16 varieties from 6 regional test sites in Henan province were compared for agronomic traits, disease resistance and yield. A comprehensive evaluation was performed using correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. The results showed that among the 11 agronomic traits, only the growth period showed on significant differences among varieties, while all others traits exhibited significant variations. The coefficient of variation was highest for head height and lowest for the growth period. Field disease resistance evaluation indicated that 6 varieties were immune to viral diseases, while the other were highly resistant, the range of disease index was 1.51-6.81; 16 varieties showed highly resistance to downy mildew, all tested varieties had lower soft rot incidence rate (0.93%-3.87%) than the control cultivar Degao Chunqiu 69 (6.27%), achieving a high resistance level. Cluster analysis results showed that at a euclidean distance of 15, the 16 tested varieties were divided into four groups, with the first group comprising 10 varieties, most of which were early-maturing cabbage with crisp and tender texture. Principal component analysis indicated that the first five principal components accounted for 90.359%. The first principal component contributed 42.034%, primarily reflecting information related to plant type index, downy mildew resistance, and yield. In summary, this study identified the top five comprehensively ranked varieties: Jincai 3, Xinchang 3, Yuxin 10, Zhengbai 76, and Improved Qingza 3, which are suitable for promotion and cultivation in Henan and similar climate regions. The results of this study provide data support for the demonstration and promotion of new Chinese cabbage variety and for guiding farmer in variety selection.

关键词

大白菜 / 区域试验 / 农艺性状 / 相关性分析 / 聚类分析 / 主成分分析

Key words

Chinese cabbage / Regional trial / Agronomic trait / Correlation analysis / Cluster analysis / Principal component analysis

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基金资助

国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-21)