皱木耳种质遗传特性评价及优良菌株筛选

Evaluation of genetic characterization and screening of excellent strains of Auricularia delicata germplasm

摘要

为明确皱木耳种质资源表型性状和遗传差异，筛选优异种质，并为后续新品种选育和种质创新提供参考依据，以9个不同地理来源的皱木耳菌株为试验材料，采用体细胞不亲和性试验、ITS序列鉴定及SRAP分子标记技术分析菌株间的遗传关系，并结合农艺性状隶属函数进行综合评价。结果表明，ITS鉴定9个供试菌株均为皱木耳；体细胞不亲和性试验中36个组合均出现明显拮抗线，说明各菌株间存在差异性；SRAP分子标记聚类分析显示，在相似系数为0.36时可将供试菌株划分为南方类群和北方类群，揭示了菌株间具有丰富的遗传背景。不同菌株的生育期、产量、耳片颜色及耳片褶皱等农艺性状差异显著，综合隶属函数评价结果，菌株C9得分最高（0.919），其生育期（77 d）、产量（3.91 kg‧100 kg^-1干料）及商品性状均表现优良；菌株C3具有较好的商品性状，耳片较大、浅黄色；菌株C4生育期短（77 d），产量高（4.03 kg‧100 kg^-1干料）；菌株C5耳片红褐色、耳片腹面脉状褶皱。4个优异种质可作为优良杂交菌株选育的亲本材料。

Abstract

To clarify the phenotypic traits and genetic differences of Auricularia delicata germplasm resource, screen excellent germplasm, and provide a reference for new variety breeding and germplasm innovation, this study used nine strains from different geographical origins as materials. Somatic incompatibility tests, ITS sequence identification, and SRAP molecular marker techniques were employed to analyze the genetic relationships among the strains, combined with a comprehensive evaluation based on the membership function of agronomic traits. The results showed that ITS sequence identification confirmed that all nine tested strains were A. delicata. In the somatic incompatibility tests, all 36 combinations exhibited obvious antagonistic lines, indicating differences among the strains. SRAP molecular marker cluster analysis revealed that at a similarity coefficient of 0.36, the tested strains could be divided into a southern group and a northern group, indicating differences among the strains. Significant differences were observed among strains in agronomic traits such as growth period, yield, ear color, and ear fold. According to the comprehensive membership function, strain C9 scored the highest (0.919), with excellent performance in growth period (77 d), yield (3.91 kg‧100 kg ^-1 dry substrate), and commercial traits. Strain C3 showed good commercial traits, with large ears and light yellow color. Strain C4 had a short growth period (77 d) and high yield (4.03 kg‧100 kg^-1 dry substrate). Strain C5 featured reddish-brown ear color with vein-like folds on the ventral side. These four excellent germplasm resources can serve as parental materials for the selection and breeding of superior hybrid strains.

关键词

皱木耳 / SRAP / 农艺性状 / 隶属函数 / 种质评价

Key words

Auricularia delicata / Sequence-related amplified polymorphism / Agronomic trait / Membership function / Evaluation of germplasm resource

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1201600)