不同亏缺灌溉对景电灌区设施膜下滴灌番茄生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响
曾树人 , 陈亮 , 李旺雄 , 张生银 , 刘斌
中国瓜菜 ›› 2026, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8) : 138 -145.
不同亏缺灌溉对景电灌区设施膜下滴灌番茄生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响
Effects of different irrigation deficits on the growth, yield, and water use efficiency of tomato under sub-mulch drip irrigation in the Jingdian irrigation district
为探究景电灌区设施大棚番茄膜下滴灌种植模式下的适宜节水灌溉管理制度,提高灌区农业灌溉水利用效率,以凤珠 409 为试材,以土壤田间持水量 90%为灌水上限、70%为灌水下限时的灌水量为对照(CK),在番茄第 1 穗果开花盛期时开始设置 4 种亏缺灌溉处理[85%CK(L1)、70%CK(L2)、55%CK(L3)、40%CK(L4)],研究不同处理对番茄植株生长、果实品质、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,与 CK 相比,L2 处理对番茄各生育期的株高、茎粗无显著影响,叶片 SPAD 值在开花坐果期、果实膨大期、果实成熟期分别显著提高了 9.99%、8.79%、8.53%。在果实品质方面,L2 处理的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、番茄红素、维生素 C 含量及糖酸比均显著高于 L3、L4 处理和 CK,较 CK 分别提高了 1.08 百分点、1.35 百分点、7.26%,7.06%、41.90%,硝酸盐和可滴定酸含量较 CK 分别显著降低了 15.55%、0.08 百分点。L2 处理的产量与 CK 无显著差异,但水分利用效率显著提高了 45.32%。综合番茄植株生长、果实品质、产量和水分利用效率指标,通过主成分分析综合评分,L2 处理得分最高,表明在景电灌区设施大棚番茄膜下滴灌种植模式下,70%CK(3 128.17 m3·hm-2)为最优灌水量,可在保证产量的同时显著提升果实品质和水分利用效率,实现减水增效目标。
To explore a suitable water-saving irrigation regime and boost water use efficiency for mulch-drip-irrigated greenhouse tomato in Jingdian irrigation district, Fengzhu 409 was used as the test material. The irrigation amount at 90% of field water-holding capacity as the upper limit and 70% as the lower limit was set as the control(CK). Four regulated deficit irrigation treatments [85% CK(L1), 70% CK(L2), 55% CK(L3), and 40% CK(L4)] were established starting from the full-bloom stage of the first fruit cluster, to investigate the effects of different treatments on tomato vegetative growth, fruit quality, yield, and water use efficiency. The results showed that compared with CK, treatment L2 exerted no significant effects on plant height or stem diameter across all tomato growth stages, while the leaf SPAD value significantly increased by 9.99%, 8.79% and 8.53% at the flowering and fruit-setting stage, fruit expansion stage, and fruit ripening stage, respectively. In terms of fruit quality, the content of soluble solids, soluble sugar, lycopene, vitamin C and sugar-acid ratio in L2 were markedly higher than those in L3, L4 and CK, increasing by 1.08 percentage points, 1.35 percentage points, 7.26%, 7.06%, and 41.90%, respectively, compared with CK. Meanwhile, the nitrate and titratable acid content of L2 were significantly reduced by 15.55% and 0.08 percentage points, respectively, compared with CK. There was no significant difference in tomato yield between L2 and CK, whereas the water use efficiency of L2 was significantly increased by 45.32%. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of tomato growth, fruit quality, yield, and water use efficiency indicators, principal component analysis(PCA)scoring showed that treatment L2 obtained the highest score, indicating that the irrigation volume of 70% CK(3 128.17 m³·hm-2)was the optimal irrigation amount for greenhouse tomatoes under mulch drip irrigation in the Jingdian irrigation district. This irrigation regime can remarkably enhance fruit quality and water use efficiency while maintaining stable tomato yield, thereby achieving the goal of water reduction and productivity improvement.
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甘肃省科技重大专项(24ZDNA008)
甘肃省青年科技基金项目(23JRRD0001)
甘肃省水利科学试验研究及技术推广计划项目(25GSLK061)
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