Grassland is one of the most important land types in Daqing, and it is of great significance to grasp the spatial and temporal dynamics of grassland biomass to understand the carbon sink potential of Daqing. The remote sensing inversion model of aboveground grass biomass in Daqing was constructed by using MODIS-NDVI remote sensing data and aboveground grass biomass measured data and regression analysis. Trend analysis and correlation analysis were used to clarify the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of aboveground biomass and its relationship with major climate factors(precipitation and temperature) in Daqing over the past 20 years. The results showed that the exponential function inversion model constructed by using normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) had the best interpretation of the aboveground biomass of grassland in Daqing, and the coefficient of determination R2 was 0.77 and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 38 g⋅m-2. The grassland biomass in Daqing urban areas showed a trend of fluctuating increase from 2000 to 2023, and reached a maximum value of 314 g⋅m-2 in 2019; the aboveground biomass of grassland in most areas showed a significant increasing trend, with a maximum value of 423 g⋅m-2 and an average value of 280 g⋅m-2, and its spatial characteristics showed a gradually increasing distribution pattern from southeast to northwest, with concentration in the north and dispersion in the south. Precipitation had a significant effect on biomass(r=0.584, P<0.05), but the monthly mean temperature had no significant effect on biomass. The above results might provide a strong theoretical basis and data support for the scientific setting of livestock loading and oil extraction area and the optimization of grassland resource utilization strategy in Daqing.
MOD13Q1产品的数据已经通过大气校正、几何纠正、辐射定标,在此基础上需要对投影进行转化、裁剪研究区影像及拼接处理。运用ModisTool工具将数据文件的HDF格式转化为Tiff格式,SIN投影系统转化为ALBERS投影系统,并将其空间分辨率重采样至30 m。利用大庆草地分布矢量文件对MODIS-EVI和MODIS-NDVI栅格文件进行裁剪,使用Arcgis软件中的月最大合成法(Month Maximum Value Composition,MMVC)得到每年 (7—8月)研究区EVI和NDVI的栅格图层,采样点地理坐标数据转化成矢量文件,与遥感影像投影一致,再提取样点对应的EVI、NDVI。
式中:NDVI a 和NDVI b 均为归一化植被指数;n用于表示时间序列的时间跨度;sgn是一个根据数值正负来判定的函数。统计量Z取值范围为(-∞,+∞),给定显著性水平临界值,通常情况下,β取0.05,本研究也选择此数值,则临界值=1.96。当Z为正时,表示NDVI随着时间变化而逐渐增加;当Z为负时,表示NDVI随时间而减少的趋势;≤时,表示NDVI趋势变化不显著,>,表示NDVI趋势变化显著。根据95%和99%的显著性检验置信度得到分别为1.96和2.58,可以将Z的绝对值划分为以下几个等级来评估NDVI趋势的显著性:当>2.58时,表示NDVI的趋势变化极为显著;当1.96<≤2.58时,表示NDVI的趋势变化显著;当0<≤1.96时,表示NDVI的趋势变化不显著;当=0时,表示NDVI没有发生任何变化。
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