多花黄精大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育
Sporogenesis and Gametogenesis of Polygonatum cyrtonema
利用石蜡切片技术对多花黄精(Polygonatum cyrtonema)不同发育时期的花芽切片,探究多花黄精大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育特征,为多花黄精遗传育种提供基础资料。结果显示:(1)多花黄精花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层各1层细胞构成,绒毡层为分泌型,成熟药室内壁具纤维性加厚,成熟绒毡层细胞含二核或多核结构;(2)小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中胞质经连续型分裂形成左右对称的四分体,成熟花粉粒多为二细胞型,偶见三细胞型;(3)多花黄精大孢子母细胞经减数分裂后形成直线排列的四分体,胚囊发育类型为蓼型。多花黄精生殖细胞的发育特征与黄精属其他植物具有相似性,分泌型的绒毡层和三细胞型花粉粒的存在说明多花黄精具有更为进化的发育特征。
The floral bud development of Polygonatum cyrtonema was examined at various stages using paraffin sectioning techniques, the characteristics of megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis and the development process of male and female gametophytes were explored respectively, the fundamental data for the genetic improvement and breeding of P. cyrtonema was provided.The results showed that: (1)The anther wall was composed of epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum layer. The tapetum layer was secretory, with mature tapetal cells exhibiting binucleate or multinucleate structures. The mature endothecium displayed fibrous thickened. (2)During the meiosis of microspore mother cell, cytokinesis occurred through a continuous type, resulting in tetrads arranged symmetrically in a linear pattern. Most mature pollen grains were two-cell type, occasionally three-cell type. (3)Meiosis of the megaspore mother cell produced a linear tetrad, and the development of the embryo sac followed the Polygonum type. The reproductive cellular development in P. cyrtonema demonstrated similarities to other members of the Polygonatum genus. Notably, the presence of a secretory tapetum and the three-celled pollen grain suggests that P. cyrtonema might have a relatively advanced evolutionary status.
Polygonatum cyrtonema / megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis / male and female gametophytes
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