濒危植物小勾儿茶大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体发育
王康鑫 , 王仕沁 , 王毅敏 , 程志杰 , 陈发菊 , 王玉兵
植物研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (05) : 662 -669.
濒危植物小勾儿茶大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体发育
Megasporogensis, Microsporogenesis and Development of Male and Female Gametophytes of Endangered Berchemiella wilsonii
运用石蜡切片技术对小勾儿茶(Berchemiella wilsonii)进行生殖生物学观察,探讨其大小孢子发生和雌雄配体发育过程是否存在濒危环节。结果显示:小勾儿茶的花具5个雄蕊和4个花药室,成熟的花药壁由花药内壁(1层)、中层(2层)和绒毡层(1层)组成。绒毡层发育正常,细胞排列整齐规则,与中层细胞联系紧密,细胞中常多核。小孢子母细胞在减数分裂时胞质分裂方式为同时型,四分体主要以四面体形式存在,花粉粒在成熟时为二细胞型、圆形或椭圆形,多数有3根萌发管。花药发育过程中绒毡层发育存在少量异常,花粉存在少量败育。小勾儿茶子房2室,只发育1室。胚珠为倒生的双珠被和厚珠心,合点端大孢子发育成功能性大孢子,经过3次有丝分裂,进一步发育成具有7个细胞和8个核的胚囊,胚囊发育方式为蓼型。子房中的胚珠发育基本一致。小勾儿茶大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体发育基本正常,不是导致其结实率低的原因。
To explore whether there were any endangered links in sporogenesis and development of male and female gametophyte of endangered Berchemiella wilsonii, the reproductive biology of B. wilsonii was observed using paraffin section technique. The results showed that the flower of B. wilsonii had five stamens, four anthers, and the mature anther wall was composed of one inner layer, two middle layers and one tapetal layer. The tapetum developed normally with regularly arranged cells closely connected with the middle layer cells containing multiple nuclei in each cell. The cytoplasmic division of microspore mother cells was synchronous during meiosis, and mainly formed tetrahedral tetrads, the mature pollen grains were bicellular, round or oval in shape, which most of them had three germinating tubes. There were a few abnormal tapetum development and a few abortive pollen during anther development. B. wilsonii had two locule in ovary, only one chamber developed. The ovule was anatropous double integuments and crassinucellate. The chalazal end megaspore developed into functional megaspores,which underwent three times consecutive mitosis and further developed into polygonum embryo sac with seven cells and eight nucleus. Ovary ovule development was basically synchronized. The process of the mega-microsporogenesis and development of female and male gametophyte of B. wilsonii were normal, which was not the reason for the low seed setting rate.
Berchemiella wilsonii / embryology / macrosporogenesis / male and female gametophyte development
| [1] |
陈艺林.中国植物志:第48卷:第1分册[M].北京: 科学出版社,1982:104-106. |
| [2] |
|
| [3] |
钱宏.东亚特有属:小勾儿茶属的研究[J].植物研究,1988,8(4):119-128. |
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
甘啟良,关良福.十八里长峡自然保护区国家级保护植物研究[J].中国野生植物资源,2007,26(1):8-11. |
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
李华东,丁建林,何晓.浙江嵊州发现濒危树种小勾儿茶[J].浙江农林大学学报,2012,29(4):639-640. |
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
郜二虎,汪正祥,王志臣.湖北堵河源自然保护区科学考察与研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2012. |
| [11] |
|
| [12] |
王瑞江,刘演,陈世龙.湖北省珍稀濒危植物[M].北京:科学出版社,2017:103. |
| [13] |
|
| [14] |
国政,臧润国.中国极小种群野生植物濒危程度评价指标体系[J].林业科学,2013,49(6):10-17. |
| [15] |
|
| [16] |
胡理乐,江明喜,黄汉东, |
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
韦若勋,张志耘,陈艺林, |
| [19] |
|
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
刘赛.小勾儿茶引种栽培试验初报[J].湖北林业科技,2018,47(3):15-16. |
| [22] |
|
| [23] |
高润梅.珍稀濒危植物的胚胎学研究进展[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,22(3):239-245. |
| [24] |
|
| [25] |
李正理.植物组织制片学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1996. |
| [26] |
|
| [27] |
黄飞逸,豆苏含,张亚东, |
| [28] |
|
| [29] |
邵凤侠.南方鲜食枣胚败育机理研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2019. |
| [30] |
|
| [31] |
杨如梦,汪加魏,孙荣喜, |
| [32] |
|
| [33] |
许小连.濒危植物羊角槭生殖生物学的初步研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2012. |
| [34] |
XU X L.A preliminary study on reproductive biology of the endangered plant Acer yanjuechi Fang et P.L.Chiu[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang A&F University,2012. |
| [35] |
曹小勇.濒危植物庙台槭生殖生物学研究:Ⅱ.大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体发育[J].汉中师范学院学报(自然科学),1999,17(1):50-54. |
| [36] |
|
| [37] |
赵兴峰,孙卫邦,杨华斌, |
| [38] |
|
| [39] |
|
| [40] |
王玖瑞,刘玲,刘孟军, |
| [41] |
|
| [42] |
杨艺,王娜,王奎玲, |
| [43] |
|
| [44] |
王姗,沈永宝,鲍华鹏, |
| [45] |
|
| [46] |
马庆华,续九如,王贵禧, |
| [47] |
|
| [48] |
|
| [49] |
张静文,陈慧,李燕华, |
| [50] |
|
| [51] |
陈兴银,张玉晶,张凯凯, |
| [52] |
|
| [53] |
施慧嫒,陈发菊,梁宏伟, |
| [54] |
|
| [55] |
白洁,周涛,马江, |
| [56] |
|
宜昌市科技研究与开发项目(A21-4-013)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |