农地经营权流转方式对粮油生产成本的影响：“规模效应”与“租金效应”^*

Impact of Agricultural Land Management Right Transfer on Grain and Oil Production Costs: Scale Effect or Rent Effect

摘要

粮油农产品的稳定供给关乎国家粮食安全，但生产成本上升削弱了农民生产积极性。文章利用9类粮油农产品的1 260个宏观数据，实证分析出租（转包）、入股及其他流转方式在“规模效应”和“租金效应”上的异质性影响，并探讨各方式对粮油生产成本的作用机制。结果表明：出租（转包）方式的“规模效应”大于“租金效应”，可有效降低亩均直接生产成本，其主要通过机械化节约人工成本；入股方式虽无显著的“规模效应”，但其负向的“租金效应”降低了流转地租金；其他流转方式则因中介服务、合同签订、管理等费用增加导致总成本上升。据此，政策上应因地制宜推动多元化的流转方式。建议重点鼓励入股方式的推广，以实现土地要素的有效利用，并通过农地适度规模经营，优化生产成本结构。

Abstract

The stable supply of food and oil agricultural products is related to national food security, but the rising production costs have weakened farmers' incentive to produce. This study employs 1 260 macro-economic data points across 9 categories of grain and oil crops to empirically analyze the heterogeneous impacts of leasing (subcontracting), shareholding, and other transfer methods in terms of the "scale effect" and the "rent effect", while exploring the underlying mechanisms through which each method influences grain and oil production costs. The results show that: leasing (subcontracting), shareholding and other transfer methods have heterogeneous effects on "scale effect" and "rent effect; the "scale effect" of the leasing (subcontracting) method is larger than the "rent effect", which can effectively reduce the direct production cost per mu, and save the labor cost mainly through mechanization; the shareholding method does not have significant "scale effect", but its negative effect is not significant. Although the shareholding method has no significant "scale effect", its negative "rent effect" reduces the rent of the transferred land; the other transfer methods increase the total cost due to the increase in the costs of intermediary services, contract signing, and management, etc. Accordingly, the impact of different transfer methods on food production is not significant. Thus, the policy should promote diversified transfer methods according to local conditions. It is recommended to focus on encouraging the promotion of the shareholding method in order to realize the effective use of land elements and optimize the production cost structure through the moderate scale operation of agricultural land.

关键词

农地经营权流转 / 流转方式 / 粮油农产品 / 生产成本 / 农地租金

Key words

transfer of agricultural land management rights / transfer mode / grain and oil agricultural products / production cost / agricultural land rent

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基金资助

*国家社会科学基金重点项目(21AZD032)