普惠金融发展与农民收入增^*——基于农业强国建设和城乡平衡发展视角

Inclusive Financial Development and Farmers' Income Growth--Based on the Perspective of Building a Strong Agricultural Country and Balanced Development of Rural and Urban Areas

摘要

普惠金融在提高农民收入的同时促进了农业强国建设和城乡平衡发展。发展普惠金融的意义不仅在于农民增收，更在于实现农业强国建设、城乡平衡发展与农民增收的有机统一。基于农业强国建设和城乡发展平衡视角，研究普惠金融对农民收入的影响及其机制发现：普惠金融发展促进了农民收入增长，经过多种内生性、稳健性检验后结果仍然稳健；农业发展是普惠金融提高农民收入的重要渠道，因而普惠金融推动了农业发展与农民增收的良性循环，从而有助于农业强国建设；普惠金融发展具有“资源禀赋普惠效应” “收入普惠效应” “发展普惠效应”，即在资源禀赋相对匮乏、农民收入较低和经济发展程度较低地区，普惠金融对农民增收的作用更大，表明普惠金融是促进城乡平衡发展的重要力量。因此，要提高战略定位，因地制宜发展农村普惠金融，特别是要加快欠发达地区的农村普惠金融发展，创新农村金融服务，积极开展面向农民的金融素养和数字素养普及教育。

Abstract

Inclusive finance contributes not only to farmers' income growth but also to the advancement of agricultural modernization and balanced urban-rural development. The importance of inclusive finance extends beyond income enhancement per se, as it facilitates the integrated realization of building a strong agricultural sector, narrowing urban-rural disparities, and achieving sustainable income growth among farmers. From the perspective of agricultural powerhouse construction and urban-rural balance, this study investigates the impact of inclusive finance on farmers' income and the underlying transmission mechanisms. The empirical results indicate that the development of inclusive finance significantly increases farmers' income, and these findings remain robust after addressing potential endogeneity concerns and conducting a series of robustness checks. Further analysis reveals that agricultural development serves as a key channel through which inclusive finance enhances farmers' income. By promoting agricultural development, inclusive finance reinforces a virtuous interaction between agricultural growth and farmers' income growth, thereby supporting the construction of a strong agricultural sector. Moreover, the income-enhancing effects of inclusive finance exhibit pronounced heterogeneity. Inclusive finance generates stronger impacts in regions characterized by relatively scarce resource endowments, lower income levels among farmers, and lower stages of economic development. This pattern highlights the role of inclusive finance as an important mechanism for promoting balanced urban-rural development. Accordingly, policy efforts should elevate the strategic positioning of inclusive finance, advance rural inclusive finance in a region-specific manner, accelerate its expansion in less developed areas, promote innovation in rural financial services, and strengthen financial and digital literacy among farmers.

关键词

普惠金融 / 农民收入 / 农业强国 / 城乡平衡

Key words

inclusive finance / farmers' income / agricultural powerhouse / urban-rural balance

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基金资助

*国家社会科学基金项目(21FJYB030)