越偏远的乡村食品价格越便宜吗^*——基于中国乡村振兴综合调查数据的证据

Are Food Prices Cheaper in More Remote Villages? --Evidence from the China Rural Revitalization Survey

摘要

食品价格是居民生活成本的重要组成部分。传统观点认为，偏远乡村因生产和生活成本较低，食品价格应相对便宜；但也有研究指出，偏远地区因市场参与成本较高，食品价格反而可能更高。基于2022年中国乡村振兴综合调查（CRRS）在222个村的10个类别、38种主要食品价格数据，系统分析了偏远乡村食品价格的影响因素。研究发现：35种主要食品价格与地理距离无显著相关性，仅果蔬类中的苹果和本地常食用水果价格较低，而蛋类中的鸡蛋价格较高，表明偏远乡村食品价格整体上并非更便宜；地形对食品价格的影响显著高于距离因素。与平原地区相比，丘陵地区的主食类、豆类、油脂类、肉禽类、果蔬类和调味品类价格普遍更高，山区在豆类、肉禽类、果蔬类价格上显著偏高。异质性分析显示，东部地区偏远乡村的油脂类、水产品类和果蔬类食品中7种价格较低，而中部地区的主食类、豆类、肉禽类和果蔬类共有10种价格受地形影响显著。调节效应分析表明，乡村旅游与电商经营有助于降低偏远乡村的主食类、油脂类、肉禽类、蛋类、果蔬类及糖茶饮料类等食品价格。因此，应健全食品市场监测与调控体系，实施差异化扶持政策，推动特色农业发展，并强化对乡村旅游与电商经营的引导与规范，以降低偏远地区返贫风险、促进乡村消费公平与可持续发展。

Abstract

Food prices constitute a significant part of residents' living costs. Conventional wisdom holds that due to lower production and living costs, food prices in remote rural areas should be relatively cheaper. However, some studies suggest that higher market participation costs in remote areas may actually lead to higher food prices. Based on data from the China Rural Revitalization Survey (CRRS) in 2022, covering 222 villages and 38 major food items across 10 categories, the paper systematically analyzes the factors influencing food prices in remote rural areas. The findings reveal that among 35 major food items, prices show no significant correlation with geographical distance. Only apples and other local commonly consumed fruits are priced lower, while eggs are priced higher, indicating that food prices in remote villages are not generally cheaper overall. Terrain has a more pronounced impact on food prices than distance. Compared to plain areas, hilly areas have higher prices for staples, legumes, oils, meat, poultry, fruits, vegetables, and condiments; mountainous areas also show significantly higher prices for legumes, meat, poultry, fruits, and vegetables. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that in eastern remote villages, seven items across oils, aquatic products, fruits, and vegetables are priced lower, while in central regions, ten items across staples, legumes, meat, poultry, fruits, and vegetables are significantly influenced by terrain and priced higher. Moderating effect analysis shows that rural tourism and e-commerce operations help reduce prices of staples, oils, meat, poultry, eggs, fruits, vegetables, and sugary beverages in remote, hilly, and mountainous villages. The study recommends improving the food market monitoring and regulation system, implementing differentiated support policies, promoting specialized agricultural development, and strengthening guidance and standardization of rural tourism and e-commerce to reduce the risk of returning to poverty and foster fair and sustainable rural consumption.

关键词

食品价格 / 防返贫 / 价格补贴 / 乡村消费

Key words

food prices / poverty return prevention / price subsidies / rural consumption

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基金资助

*辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目(L23CSH007)