气候变化视角下中国粮食生产韧性时空差异及影响因素研*——以粮食主产区为例
Spatial-temporal Differences and Influencing Factors of Grain Production Resilience in China from Perspective of Climate Change -- A Case Study of Major Grain Producing Areas
面对日益严峻的气候变化形势,粮食生产韧性的提升显得尤为重要。以中国13个粮食主产区为研究对象,基于气候变化对粮食生产的影响构建综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法、核密度估计、泰尔指数、灰色预测模型和灰色关联度模型,对2009-2021年各地区粮食生产韧性进行测度评价,分析时空演进特征、地区差异,进一步预测未来3年的发展状况,并探索不同气候条件下影响粮食生产韧性的因素及其差异。研究发现,粮食主产区在研究时段内均呈稳步提升趋势,但各地区提升速率有一定差距;四大气候分区区域内粮食生产韧性水平发展较为均衡;粮食主产区总体差异较小,大致呈先下降后上升的趋势,近年来主要归因于区域间的差异;预计2025年将有9个粮食主产区迈入高粮食生产韧性行列;粮食主产区会受到农村劳动力外流、城镇化率、农产品外贸依存度、年降水量、财政支农力度等因素的影响。最后,结合时空分异特征和影响因素,建议提升粮食生产韧性必须统筹区域协调发展,发挥政府与市场作用并推动气候适应型农业发展,从而促进粮食主产区粮食综合生产能力的提升。
Facing the increasingly severe climate change situation, improving the resilience of food production is particularly important. Taking 13 major grain producing areas in China as the research objects, based on the influence of climate change on grain production, a comprehensive evaluation index system was established. By using entropy method, kernel density estimation, theil index, gray prediction model and grey relational degree model, the grain production resilience of each region from 2009 to 2021 was measured and evaluated, the characteristics of temporal and spatial evolution and regional differences were analyzed, the development situation in the next three years was further predicted, and the factors affecting the resilience of grain production under different climatic conditions and their differences were explored. It could be found that: the main grain producing areas had shown a steady upward trend during the research period, but there was a certain gap in the promotion rate in different regions. The development of grain production resilience level in the four climatic zones was relatively balanced. The overall difference in the main grain producing areas was small, which showed a general trend of first decreasing and then increasing, in recent years, mainly attributed to regional differences. It is expected that nine major grain producing areas would enter the ranks of high grain production resilience in 2025. The main grain producing areas will be influenced by rural labor outflow, urbanization rate, dependence on foreign trade of agricultural products, annual precipitation, financial support for agriculture, and other factors. Finally, based on the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics and influencing factors, it was suggested that enhancing the resilience of grain production required coordinated regional development, focusing on the role of government and market in the grain field, and promoting the development of climate adaptive agriculture, in order to promote the comprehensive production capacity of grain in major grain producing areas.
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*陕西省生态空间治理重点课题(2022HZ1845)
中央高校基本科研业务费人文社科项目(2452023316)
2024年度陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项智库项目(2024ZD492)
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