工商资本下乡对农户家庭收入的影响及作用机制研^*——基于CLDS数据的经验研究

Research on Influence and Mechanism of Industrial and Commercial Capital Investing in Countryside on Farmers’ Household Income--Empirical Research Based on CLDS Data

摘要

促进农民增收是解决“三农”问题的核心，更是实现全面小康社会的关键所在，而工商资本下乡对农业农村发展和农民增收具有深刻影响。基于2016年中国劳动力动态调查（CLDS）数据，运用工具变量法实证检验工商资本下乡对农户家庭收入的影响，并进一步分析了可能的中介机制和调节效应。实证结果表明，工商资本下乡有助于提高农户家庭总收入，而且这种作用具有明显的异质性，工商资本下乡在中西部地区对农户家庭收入的促进作用更为明显。中介机制研究表明，以租赁农地的形式下乡会通过促进家庭劳动力的非农就业提高家庭工资性收入，以提供社会化服务的形式下乡则会通过提高农业生产效率提高家庭农业性收入，其中非农就业属于部分中介变量，农业生产效率属于完全中介变量。农地确权、农地转出、村庄经济区位在其中发挥了调节效应。最后基于实证分析结果，提出要注重工商资本下乡形式的有效结合，坚持以民为本、切实保障农民基本权益，积极发展农村金融以增加农户获取正规信贷等政策建议。

Abstract

Promoting the increase of farmers' income is the core of solving the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and it is also the key to realize a well-off society in an all-round way. Based on the data of China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) in 2016, the instrumental variable method was used to empirically test the impact of industrial and commercial capital investing in the countryside on farmers' household income and further the possible intermediate mechanism and regulatory effect were analyzed. The empirical results showed that industrial and commercial capital investing in the countryside helped to improve the total income of farmers, and this effect had obvious heterogeneity. The promotion effect of industrial and commercial capital investing in the countryside was more obvious in the middle and western area. The research on intermediary mechanism showed that the farmland rental by industrial and commercial capital would promote family wage income through non-farm employment, while the provision of social services by industrial and commercial capital would promote family agricultural income through agricultural production efficiency, and non-farm employment was a partial intermediary variable, agricultural production efficiency was a complete intermediary variable. Farmland registration, farmland transfer-out and village economic location played a regulatory role. Finally, some policy suggestions were put forward based on the results of empirical analysis, it was necessary to pay attention to the effective combination of the form of industrial and commercial capital investing in the countryside, adhere to the people-oriented, effectively protect the basic rights and interests of farmers, and actively develop rural finance to increase farmers' access to formal credit.

关键词

工商资本下乡 / 工资性收入 / 农业性收入 / 非农就业 / 农业生产效率

Key words

industrial and commercial capital investing in countryside / wage income / agricultural income / non-farm employment / agricultural production efficiency

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基金资助

*国家社会科学基金项目(22BJL028)