全程耦合下食物系统的低碳转型：研究进展与理论框架^*

Low-carbon Transformation of Food Systems within a Metacoupling Framework: Research Progress and Theoretical Model

摘要

食物系统是联结营养健康与可持续发展的关键纽带，也是实现“双碳”目标的重要抓手。现有研究对于如何将食物系统低碳转型融入全程耦合框架尚无清晰的理论依据，且食物系统如何针对不同的耦合模式，从生产端、流通端到消费端设计差异化的低碳调控路径，目前尚未得出较明确的研究结果。基于此，文章在全程耦合视角下构建了城市食物系统低碳转型理论框架，分别从生产端、流通端和消费端提出低碳转型路径：生产端主要通过推动技术升级与资源循环利用，提高资源利用效率；流通端主要通过缩短供应链，减少中间损耗，降低流通成本；消费端主要通过提升食物可得性、调整膳食结构和转变消费者行为推动膳食多样化，倒逼企业低碳化生产。提出内部耦合系统要构建以县域为单元的城乡绿色生产闭环，建立“种植-养殖-废弃物-能源”区域循环体系；周边耦合系统要建设区域一体化的绿色流通网络；远程耦合系统要联合制定差异化膳食指南，推行食物碳标签制度，并建立跨区域生态补偿机制的政策建议。

Abstract

The food system is a crucial nexus linking nutritional health and sustainable development, and serves as an important lever for achieving China's dual carbon goals. However, current research lacks a clear theoretical basis for integrating the low-carbon transition of food systems into the metacoupling framework. Moreover, how to design differentiated low-carbon regulation pathways across production, distribution, and consumption stages under varying coupling patterns remains underexplored. In response, this study constructs a theoretical framework for the low-carbon transition of urban food systems from the perspective of metacoupling. Specifically, it proposes targeted strategies for each stage: at the production end, upgrading technological and improving resource-use efficiency; at the distribution end, shortening supply chains, minimizing intermediary losses, and lowering circulation costs; and at the consumption end, enhancing food availability, adjusting dietary structures, and shifting consumer behavior to promote dietary diversity, which in turn compels producers toward low-carbon practices. Specifically, intracoupling systems require establishing county-level, urban-rural green production loops via regional crop-livestock-waste-energy cycling systems. Pericoupling systems necessitate developing regionally integrated green circulation networks with standardized logistics protocols. Telecoupling systems demand coordinated implementation of differentiated dietary guidelines, food carbon labeling schemes, and cross-regional ecological compensation mechanisms to address transboundary environmental impacts.

关键词

全程耦合 / 食物系统 / 低碳转型

Key words

metacoupling / food system / low-carbon transition

参考文献

[1] 樊胜根, 张玉梅. 中国农业食物系统低碳转型战略思考[J]. 农业经济问题, 2024(12): 15-23.

[2] 马恩朴, 叶玮怡, 廖柳文, 等. 城市食物系统演化的人地耦合启示及驱动——以北京食物系统为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2022, 37(10): 2617-2635.

[3] 马恩朴, 蔡建明, 韩燕, 等. 人地系统远程耦合的研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(2): 310-326.

[4] 周应恒, 王善高, 严斌剑. 中国食物系统的结构、演化与展望[J]. 农业经济问题, 2022, 505(1): 100-113.

[5] 陈忠明, 郭庆海, 姜会明. 居民食物消费升级与中国农业转型[J]. 现代经济探讨, 2018(12): 120-126.

[6] 李劼, 徐晋涛. 我国农业低碳技术的减排潜力分析[J]. 农业经济问题, 2022(3): 117-135.

[7] 樊胜根, 张玉梅, 陈志钢, 等. 逆全球化和全球粮食安全思考[J]. 农业经济问题, 2019(3): 4-10.

[8] 黄秋怡, 郑小平, 王瑞梅. 可持续食物系统实现路径与演化博弈研究[J]. 农业展望, 2022, 18(5): 54-62.

[9] 汪笑溪, 蔡浩, 宣佳琦, 等. 多目标协同的中国农业食物系统减排与可持续转型[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2025, 55(3): 27-42.

[10] 黄晓慧, 聂凤英. 数字化驱动农户农业绿色低碳转型的机制研究[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2023, 23(1): 30-37.

[11] 金书秦, 林煜, 牛坤玉. 以低碳带动农业绿色转型: 中国农业碳排放特征及其减排路径[J]. 改革, 2021(5): 29-37.

[12] 朱文博, 李国景, 陈永福, 等. 收入增长、饮食结构转变与食物系统碳排——来自中国6省住户调查数据的证据[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2023, 44(7): 66-81.

[13] 黄俊勇, 刘世锦. 碳标签推广应用的国际经验与中国策略[J]. 改革, 2023(2): 62-74.

[14] 马晓琴, 张永生. 中国食物消费可持续转型的方向与潜——分析框架及其测度[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2024, 34(12): 116-131.

[15] 方创琳, 周成虎, 顾朝林, 等. 特大城市群地区城镇化与生态环境交互耦合效应解析的理论框架及技术路径[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(4): 531-550.

[16] 刘海猛, 方创琳, 李咏红. 城镇化与生态环境“耦合魔方”的基本概念及框架[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(3): 1-19.

[17] 孙才志, 胡淼, 郑靖伟. 全程耦合框架下中国虚拟水贸易[J]. 地理学报, 2025, 80(1): 81-100.

[18] 冯德东, 龙花楼, 张聪, 等. 远程耦合视角下拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的逻辑机理与关键维度[J]. 经济地理, 2025, 45(1): 153-165.

[19] Chen X, Cui Z, Fan M, et al. Producing more grain with lower environmental costs[J]. Nature, 2014, 514(7523): 486-489.

[20] Fang B, Tan Y, Li C, et al. Energy sustainability under the framework of telecoupling[J]. Energy, 2016, 106: 253-259.

[21] Herrero M, Thornton P K, Mason-D'Croz D, et al. Innovation can accelerate the transition towards a sustainable food system[J]. Nature Food, 2020, 1(5): 266-272.

[22] Huan H, Wang L, Zhang Y. Regional differences, convergence characteristics, and carbon peaking prediction of agricultural carbon emissions in China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2025, 366: 125477.

[23] Li J, Huang K, Yu Y, et al. Telecoupling China's city-level water withdrawal with distant consumption[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2023, 57(10): 4332-4341.

[24] Li M, Jia N, Lenzen M, et al. Global food-miles account for nearly 20% of total food-systems emissions[J]. Nature Food, 2022, 3(6): 445-453.

[25] Lin X, Qian J, Chen J, et al. Potential decarbonization for balancing local and non-local perishable food supply in megacities[J]. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 2025, 20: 100206.

[26] Liu G, Zhang F, Deng X. Half of the greenhouse gas emissions from China's food system occur during food production[J]. Communications Earth & Environment, 2023, 4(1): 161.

[27] Liu J. Integration across a metacoupled world[J]. Ecology and Society, 2017, 22(4): 29.

[28] Liu M, Xiong Y, Zhang A. Multi-scale telecoupling effects of land use change on ecosystem services in urban agglomerations-A case study in the middle reaches of Yangtze River urban agglomerations[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023, 415(Aug. 20): 137871-137878.

[29] Poore J, Nemecek T. Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers[J]. Science, 2018, 360(6392): 987-992.

[30] Trelogan H C, Davis J H, Goldberg R A. A concept of agribusiness[J]. Journal of Marketing, 1957, 22(2): 221-222.

[31] Yang X, Gao Q, Duan H B, et al. GHG mitigation strategies on China's diverse dish consumption are key to meet the Paris Agreement targets[J]. Nature Food, 2024, 5(5): 365-377.

[32] Zheng L, Adalibieke W, Zhou F, et al. Indirect emissions contribute a quarter of air pollution-related health burden of food systems in China[J]. Nature Food, 2025, 6(8): 766-776.

基金资助

*国家自然科学基金项目(42401374)

陕西省社会科学基金项目(2025D008)