推动粮食全产业链节约减损:现实困境、关键着力点与保障机制*
Promoting Saving and Reducing Grain Losses in the Whole Industry Chain: Practical Dilemmas, Key Focus Points and Guarantee Mechanism
粮食安全是事关人类生存的根本性问题。推动粮食全产业链节约减损对加快培育农业新质生产力、保障国家粮食安全并实现可持续发展具有重要的时代意义。然而,当前我国粮食节约减损在生产、储存、运输、加工和消费环节面临着农业环境污染、极端气候、机收需求不匹配多重影响,存在绿色储粮技术和运粮方式更新缓慢、粮食过度加工与延链增值、居民缺乏科学理性消费理念等主要问题,亟须聚焦粮食生产系统韧性建设、粮食产业强链延链补链、消费偏好与消费理念重塑三大方面,从推进农业绿色生产与高标准农田建设、提升生产管理过程数字赋能、打造基于“物联网+区块链”的粮食供应链、强化粮食产业链主企业示范引领、推动粮食梯次加工增值、引导居民理性消费和促进合理膳食等七个着力点精准发力;同时,通过整合多领域资源、推动多要素协同,强化全过程的组织、资金、信息和制度四点保障,靶向施策推动粮食全产业链节约减损落实落地。
Food security is a fundamental issue related to human survival. Promoting saving and reducing grain losses in the whole industry chain is of great period significance in accelerating the cultivation of agricultural new quality productive forces, ensuring national food security and realizing sustainable development. However, the current situation of saving and reducing grain losses in China in the production, storage, transportation, processing, and consumption links facing major problems such as multiple impacts of agricultural environmental pollution, extreme weather conditions, and mismatched demand for mechanical harvesting, the coexistence of slow updates in green grain storage technology and transportation methods, the coexistence of excessive grain processing and insufficient value-added through chain extension, residents' lack of scientific and rational consumption concepts. It is urgent to focus on three major aspects of the resilience construction of the grain production system, the strengthening of the grain industry chain, extending the chain and supplementing the chain, and the reshaping of consumer preferences and consumption concepts. We will make precise efforts in seven key areas, including promoting green agricultural production and well-facilitated farmland construction, enhancing digital empowerment of production management processes, building a grain supply chain based on internet of things and block chain, enhancing the demonstration and leadership of main enterprises in the grain industry chain, promoting the value-added of grain echelon processing, guiding residents to consume rationally, and promoting reasonable diets. At the same time, integrating resources from multiple fields, promoting the multi-features collaboration, strengthening the four guarantees of organization, funding, information, and systems throughout the whole process, and implementing targeted measures to promote the implementation of saving and reducing grain losses in the whole industry chain.
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*国家自然科学基金青年项目(72303223)
中国社会科学院创新工程“学者资助计划”项目(XC2023001)
中国社会科学院国家高端智库基础研究项目()
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2024ZK13)
中国农业科学院青年创新专项(Y2025QC10)
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