高标准农田建设下农户生计策略转变及其效益^*

Impact of High-standard Farmland Construction on Farmers' Livelihood Strategies and Its Benefits

摘要

研究高标准农田建设下农户生计策略转变及其效益，对于提升高标准农田建设实施效率、促进农户生计可持续发展具有重要意义。以湖北省江汉平原与武陵山区为研究区域，利用双重差分模型分析不同模式高标准农田建设对农户生计策略的影响效应及其区域差异，运用多元线性回归模型探究高标准农田建设下农户生计策略转变的生计效益。结果表明，高标准农田建设是促进传统小农生计策略向专业化、多样化、非农化转变的重要途径。政府主导模式促进传统小农向多样化生计策略转变，新农主导模式促进传统小农向专业化和非农化生计策略转变。平原地区高标准农田建设促进传统小农向专业化和非农化生计策略转变，丘陵山地高标准农田建设促进传统小农向多样化生计策略转变。高标准农田建设后农户生计策略转变能够改善农户的生计效益，提升了农户收入水平、增加了生计多样性、提高了生态可持续性。因此，应坚持科学谋划、高点定位，探索高标准农田建设创新模式，并结合自然资源禀赋和地理区位特征，因地制宜开展高标准农田建设，推动新时代小农经济转变升级，提高农户综合生计效益，长效保障农户生计安全与质量。

Abstract

It is of great significance to study the transformation of farmers' livelihood strategies and their benefits under high-standard farmland construction (HFC), to improve the efficiency of the implementation of HFC and promote the sustainable development of farmers' livelihoods. Using the Jianghan Plain and the Wuling Mountains in Hubei Province as the study areas, the impact of different modes of HFC on farmers' livelihood strategies and their regional differences were analyzed using the difference-in-differences model, and the livelihood benefits of the transformation of farmers' livelihood strategies under HFC was explored using the multiple regression model. The results showed as the follows: (1) HFC was an important way to promote the transformation of traditional smallholder livelihood strategy into specialized, diversified and non-agricultural livelihood strategies. The government-led mode promoted diversified livelihood strategy, and the market-led mode promoted specialized and non-agricultural livelihood strategies. HFC in plain areas promoted specialized and non-agricultural livelihood strategies, and HFC in hilly and mountainous areas promoted diversified livelihood strategy. (2) The shift in livelihood strategies of farmers after the construction of high-standard farmland could improve the livelihood benefits of farmers by raising their income levels, increasing livelihood diversity and improving ecological sustainability. Therefore, it was necessary to adhere to scientific planning and high-point positioning, explore innovative models of HFC, to combine natural resource endowments and geographical location characteristics, to carry out HFC according to local conditions, to promote the transformation and upgrading of small-scale farmers' economy in the new era, and to improve the comprehensive livelihood benefits of farmers, thereby ensuring the safety and quality of farmers' livelihoods in the long run.

关键词

高标准农田建设 / 农户生计策略 / 生计效益 / 模式 / 地貌

Key words

high-standard farmland construction / farmers' livelihood strategies / livelihood benefits / mode / landform

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基金资助

*教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(23YJA790083)

国家自然科学基金青年项目(71904150)

湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究一般项目(23Y084)