农业生产性服务数智化的碳减排效应及机制研究^*

Impact of Productive Services Digital and Intelligent Transformation on Agricultural Carbon Emission Reduction

摘要

推动农业绿色化、低碳化发展，是实现农业高质量发展的关键环节。文章基于2011-2022年全国30个省份的面板数据，构建农业生产性服务数智化的指标体系，并运用排放系数法测算六大类农业碳源的碳排放总量，实证检验农业生产性服务数智化对碳减排的影响效果。研究发现：农业生产性服务数智化能够有效促进农业碳减排；机制分析表明，农业生产性服务数智化能够通过提高资源配置效率、促进农业技术进步、提升农业生产专业化水平赋能农业碳减排；异质性分析表明，农业生产性服务数智化对碳减排的影响在粮食主产区以及平原地区更显著，农业生产性服务数智化分维度检验中，科技信息服务数智化、金融服务数智化以及商贸流通服务数智化抑制农业碳排放的作用更显著；进一步分析表明，政府财政支农、统一大市场建设能够强化农业生产性服务数智化对碳减排的影响。据此，提出完善农村数字基础设施建设，夯实农业生产性服务数智化转型基础条件；完善配套服务政策，推广数智化农机作业服务；加大政策支持力度，为农业生产性服务数智化赋能碳减排培育良好环境等建议。

Abstract

Promoting green and low-carbon development in agriculture is a key component of achieving high-quality development. This study constructs an index system for the digital and intelligent transformation of agricultural productive services using panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2022. The total carbon emissions from six major agricultural carbon sources are estimated using the emission coefficient method, and the impact of digital and intelligent transformation of productive service on agricultural carbon reduction is empirically tested. The findings reveal that the digital and intelligent transformation of productive services significantly facilitates carbon emission reduction in agriculture. Mechanism analysis indicates that digital and intelligent transformation of productive service empowers agricultural carbon reduction by improving resource allocation efficiency, promoting technological progress, and enhancing the level of production specialization in agriculture. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect is more pronounced in major grain-producing areas and plain regions. In dimension-level tests of productive-service digitization, the digitization of science & technology information services, financial services, and commercial & circulation services has a more significant suppressive effect on agricultural carbon emissions. Further analysis suggests that government financial support for agriculture and the development of a unified national market can strengthen the positive impact of digital and intelligent transformation of productive service on agricultural carbon reduction. Accordingly, it is proposed to improve the construction of rural digital infrastructure, consolidate the basic conditions for the agricultural productive services digital and intelligent transformation; improve the supporting service policy, promote the digital intelligence of agricultural machinery operation services; increase the policy support for productive services digital and intelligent transformation to empower the agricultural carbon emission reduction, findlly cultivate favourable environment.

关键词

生产性服务 / 数智化 / 农业碳减排 / 绿色低碳农业

Key words

productive services / digital and intelligence / agricultural carbon emission reduction / green and low-carbon agriculture

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基金资助

*国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BJY081)

河南省第五次全国经济普查研究课题(WJP054)

河南省社会科学规划项目(2024BJJ211)