激发粮农增收活力：订单模式运作机制的多案例扎根分析^*

Stimulating Grain Farmer's Income Growth Vitality: Multi-case Grounded Analysis of Contract Mode Operation Mechanism

摘要

立足新发展阶段，探索契约农业运作机制对推动小农户与现代农业有机衔接、促进农民增收和农业现代化转型具有重要意义。选取典型水稻主产区作为案例样本点，运用扎根理论质性分析法，借助Nvivo12 Plus对水稻企业、合作社等产业组织进行多案例分析，研究新发展理念下水稻订单模式的运作机制及其对农户增收的影响。研究发现，自然环境、市场环境、政策环境、产业链延伸、价值链增值、协作动力、订单制度安排、绿色生产、绩效增加和农户增收10个主范畴是影响新型农业经营主体发展水稻订单模式的重要因素。继而，以订单模式为中心范畴，构建起“环境-价值（产业）链-协作动力-制度安排-共生共赢”的新型运作机制。最后，立足水稻订单模式发展共生共赢的根本目标，剖析企业绩效增加和农业绿色生产赋能粮农增收的具体路径。

Abstract

Based on the new development stage, exploring the operation mechanism of contract agriculture is of great significance to promote the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture and to advance the transformation of agricultural modernization. In this study, typical major rice-producing areas was selected as case samples. Qualitative analysis based on grounded theory and Nvivo12 Plus software were used to analyze multiple cases of typical industrial organizations such as rice cooperatives and enterprises to study the operation mechanism of rice contract mode under the new development philosophy. Results show that ten main categories, including nature, policy, and market environmental factors, value chain increment, the extension of the industrial chain, cooperative motivation, institutional arrangement of contract, green production, improving performance, and increasing farmers' income, are important factors affecting the implementation of rice contract mode by new business entities. Subsequently, taking the contract mode as the central category, the operation mechanism of "environment- value (industry) chain- cooperative power- institutional arrangement- symbiosis and win-win" was constructed. Finally, based on the fundamental goal of developing a symbiotic and win-win situation in rice order mode, the concrete path of increasing enterprise performance and enabling agricultural green production to increase food and agriculture income was analyzed.

关键词

水稻订单模式 / 粮农增收 / 运作机制 / 优化路径 / 扎根理论

Key words

rice contract mode / new agricultural business entities / operation mechanism / optimized path / grounded theory

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基金资助

*国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA048)

国家自然科学基金项目(72303223)

中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ZDRW202419)

中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所基本科研业务费专项(1610132024002)