耕地经济价值感知与农户化肥减——来自中国粮食主产区的证据^*

Perceived Economic Value of Arable Land and Fertiliser Reduction by Farmers--Evidence from Major Grain Producing Areas

摘要

基于我国农村土地政策、金融政策重大改革背景，耕地的价值内涵不断变化，这将重塑农户生产行为。为探究农户的耕地经济价值感知对化肥减施的影响及其作用机制，从耕地所内含的租金价值与金融价值出发，构建了“耕地经济价值感——耕地质量保护意——化肥减量”的分析框架，基于2024年河南省2 110份农户调研数据，进行了实证检验。结果表明，农户对耕地的租金价值感知与金融价值感知程度越强，化肥使用量越低。经过数据变化检验以及工具变量法的稳健性检验，结果依然稳定。进一步分析表明，农地历史调整情境会影响农户对农地产权稳定性的感知水平，进而弱化其对耕地经济价值感知程度，不利于化肥减量。同时，耕地经济价值感知程度对有机肥使用量的影响不但未减少，反而显著增加。因此，建议政府继续推动农村土地市场化流转、提高农地抵押贷款可得性、完善农地价值评估机制、不断明晰农村土地产权，通过提升农户对耕地经济价值的感知，激发其内在的化肥减量积极性，以推动更加绿色和可持续的农业发展。

Abstract

Under the circumstances of significant reforms in China's rural land and financial policies, the value connotation of cultivated land is constantly evolving, which will reshape farmers' production behaviors. To explore the influence of farmers' perception of the economic value of cultivated land on the reduction of chemical fertilizer application and its functional mechanism, starting from the rent value and financial value inherent in cultivated land, an analytical framework of "perception of cultivated land value-enthusiasm for cultivated land protection-chemical fertilizer use" has been constructed. Based on the survey data of 2 110 farmers in Henan Province (2024), an empirical test was carried out. The results demonstrated that the stronger the farmers' perception of the rent value and financial value of cultivated land, the lower the amount of chemical fertilizer used. After the tests of data variation and the robustness test using the instrumental variable method, the results remained stable. Further analysis revealed that the historical adjustment context of agricultural land would affect farmers' perception of the stability of land property rights, thereby weakening their perception of the economic value of cultivated land and being detrimental to the reduction of chemical fertilizer. Meanwhile, the influence of the perception of the economic value of cultivated land on the use of organic fertilizer not only did not decrease but also significantly increased. Therefore, it was suggested that the government continue promoting the market-oriented transfer of rural land, improving the availability of farmland mortgage loans, improving the farmland value assessment mechanism, and continuously clarifying rural land property rights. By enhancing farmers' perception of the economic value of cultivated land, their intrinsic enthusiasm for reducing chemical fertilizer could be stimulated, thereby promoting more green and sustainable agricultural development.

关键词

经济价值感知 / 租金价值 / 金融价值 / 耕地质量 / 化肥减量

Key words

economic value perception / rental value / financial value / arable land quality / fertiliser reduction

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基金资助

*河南省哲学社会科学基本项目(2024BJJ189)

国家社会科学基金(21BJY186)

河南省科技厅软科学项目(242400411081)

河南省高等学校哲学社会科学基础研究重大项目(2024-JCZD-22)