农地确权对农户生计韧性的影响研究^*

Research on Influencing Mechanism of Farmland Rights Confirmation on Livelihood Resilience of Rural Households

摘要

提升农户生计韧性是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、推进乡村全面振兴的核心要点。文章构建了涵盖缓冲能力、适应能力和学习能力三个维度的农户生计韧性指标体系，运用2020年中国乡村振兴综合调查（CRRS）数据，深入探究了农地确权对农户生计韧性的影响与作用机制。研究发现，农地确权能显著提升农户生计韧性，且经过多种检验后结果稳健。土地流转和劳动力转移在其中发挥了显著的中介作用，即农地确权通过促进土地流转和家庭劳动力非农就业转移，进而提高农户生计韧性。异质性分析表明，农地确权对“低依存-低收入”和“低依存-高收入”农户的生计韧性提升作用显著；农地确权对非平原地区农户生计韧性的提升效果更明显。据此，应持续优化并落实农地确权政策，大力推动土地流转市场和劳动力市场配套建设，并制定差异化措施以提升农地确权政策的针对性和有效性，从而充分发挥农地确权对我国农户生计韧性的提升效应。

Abstract

Improving the livelihood resilience of rural households is the core point of consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and comprehensively promoting rural revitalization. This paper constructs an indicator system of farmers' livelihood resilience, covering three dimensions: buffering capacity, adaptability and learning ability, and uses the data of the 2020 China Rural Revitalization Survey (CRRS) to explore the impact and mechanism of farmland rights confirmation on farmers' livelihoods. The results show that the confirmation of farmland rights can significantly improve the livelihood resilience of farmers, and the results are stable after a variety of tests. Land transfer and labor transfer play a significant intermediary role in this, that is, the confirmation of agricultural land rights can improve the livelihood resilience of rural households by promoting land transfer and non-agricultural employment transfer of household labor. Further heterogeneity analysis showed that the effect of farmland rights confirmation on the livelihood resilience of "low-dependency-low-income" and "low-dependence-high-income" rural households was significant, and the effect of farmland rights confirmation on the livelihood resilience of farmers was more obvious in non-plain areas. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously optimize and implement the policy of confirming agricultural land rights, vigorously promote the construction of land circulation market and labor market, and formulate differentiated measures to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the policy of confirming agricultural land rights, so as to give full play to the effect of agricultural land confirmation on the livelihood resilience of farmers in our country.

关键词

农地确权 / 农户生计韧性 / 土地流转 / 农村劳动力转移

Key words

confirmation of farmland rights / livelihood resilience of rural households / land transfer / labor transfer

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基金资助

*国家自然科学基金地区项目(72163003)