中国水稻品种集中度变化及政策启示^*

Changes in the Concentration of Rice Varieties in China and Its Policy Implications

摘要

我国水稻产业面临诸多挑战，优化主导品种结构与区域布局、带动水稻产量和品质提升成为水稻产业高质量发展的主要实现路径。文章基于1982-2023年全国各省份水稻品种推广数据，采用集中度系数刻画我国水稻品种集中度的时空演变特征，并探讨品种集中度降低带来的潜在问题。研究表明，我国水稻品种集中度大幅下降，全国和主产省份水稻品种结构类型分别向分散竞争型和低集中竞争型转变，导致主导品种优势未能显现。较低的品种集中度可能导致种业资源分散，不利于粮食大面积提单产，成为农业规模化、标准化生产的阻碍。基于此，应建立品种集中度监测预警机制、加强品种审定管理、优化品种区域布局、完善品种推广体系建设等，以促进水稻产业高质量发展。

Abstract

China's rice industry is confronted with multiple challenges, and optimizing the structure and regional allocation of dominant varieties to promote both yield and quality has become a key pathway toward the high-quality development of the rice sector. Based on provincial rice variety promotion data from 1982 to 2023, this study employs a concentration ratio to characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of rice variety concentration in China and examines the potential problems associated with its decline. The results show that, at present, rice variety concentration is declining rapidly. Both the national level and major rice-producing provinces have shifted toward dispersed competition and low-concentration competitive structures, indicating that the advantages of dominant varieties have not been fully realized and that homogeneous competition among varieties has intensified. A relatively low level of variety concentration may lead to the dispersion of seed industry resources, hinder large-scale grain yield improvement, and constrain gains in agricultural production efficiency. Accordingly, this paper proposes policy recommendations in four areas: establishing an early-warning mechanism for variety concentration, improving variety approval and registration management, optimizing variety allocation, and improving the variety promotion system, so as to advance the high-quality development of China's rice seed sector.

关键词

品种集中度 / 集中度系数 / 水稻 / 品种推广

Key words

variety concentration / concentration ratio / rice / variety promotion

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基金资助

*国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BJY181)

国家社会科学基金重大项目(23&ZD117)